Roman Geography
- Built over rolling hills
- Midway point between the Alps and Italys southern tip
First Romans
- Three groups inhabited the region from 1000 to 500 BC
- Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans
- Latins built the original settlement in ROme
Greek Influence
- Greeks established colomis along the southern part of Italy
- Cities becam very active
- Brought all of Italy closer contact with Greek civilization
Etruscans
- Native to North Italy
- Skilled metal workers and engineers
- Influential in the development of Roman Civilization
- Roman adopted their alphabet and architecture
Republic- Form of Gov't in which the power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders
- In Rome, citizenship with coting rights was granted only to free-born adult male landowners.
Patricians and Plebeians
- In the early republic, different groups of Romans struggled for power
- Patricians-the wealthy landowners who held most of the power
- Plebeians- The common person but could still vote, usually farmers and merchants
- The Patricians barred the Plebeians from holding high offices in Government
- In time they could though
Roman Government
- Two Consuls vs One President
- 1 year term
Legislative
- Senate
- - High and Social economic status
- -Serve for life
- -Advises Consuls
- Centuriate Assembly
- -Soldiers only
- -Chose consuls
- -Serve for life
- Tribal Assembly
- -Ordinary citizens
- -serve for life
- -make laws
Judicial
- 8 judges
- 1 year appointed by Centuriate Assembly
- Two oversee civil and criminal courts (others govern provinces)
Legal Code
Twelve Tables
- This was a list of rules that was the Supreme law of the land in Rome
- In America, this is equal to the Constitution
Army
- Romans took great pride in military
- All men who owned land were required to serve
- Some of the high office positions required 10 years of military service
Legions
- Large military units
- Made up of 5,000 soldiers
- A group cavalry supported each legion
- Military organization and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in Romes rise to greatness
Expansion
- The roman dominated Central Italy by the fourth century BC
- Had defeated the Etruscans to the north and the Greek city-states to the south
Treatment
- Latins on the Tiber became full citizens
- In territory farther from ROme, the conquered people were citizens as well but didnt have voting power
- The remaining became allies of Rome.
Roman Geography
- Built over rolling hills
- Midway point between the Alps and Italys southern tip
First Romans
- Three groups inhabited the region from 1000 to 500 BC
- Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans
- Latins built the original settlement in ROme
Greek Influence
- Greeks established colomis along the southern part of Italy
- Cities becam very active
- Brought all of Italy closer contact with Greek civilization
Etruscans
- Native to North Italy
- Skilled metal workers and engineers
- Influential in the development of Roman Civilization
- Roman adopted their alphabet and architecture
Republic- Form of Gov't in which the power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders
- In Rome, citizenship with coting rights was granted only to free-born adult male landowners.
Patricians and Plebeians
- In the early republic, different groups of Romans struggled for power
- Patricians-the wealthy landowners who held most of the power
- Plebeians- The common person but could still vote, usually farmers and merchants
- The Patricians barred the Plebeians from holding high offices in Government
- In time they could though
Roman Government
- Two Consuls vs One President
- 1 year term
Legislative
- Senate
- - High and aSocial economic status
- -Serve for life
- -Advises Consuls
- Centuriate Assembly
- -Soldiers only
- -Chose consuls
- -Serve for life
- Tribal Assembly
- -Ordinary citizens
- -serve for life
- -make laws
Judicial
- 8 judges
- 1 year appointed by Centuriate Assembly
- Two oversee civil and criminal courts (others govern provinces)
Legal Code
Twelve Tables
- This was a list of rules that was the Supreme law of the land in Rome
- In America, this is equal to the Constitution
Army
- Romans took great pride in military
- All men who owned land were required to serve
- Some of the high office positions required 10 years of military service
Legions
- Large military units
- Made up of 5,000 soldiers
- A group cavalry supported each legion
- Military organization and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in Romes rise to greatness
Expansion
- The roman dominated Central Italy by the fourth century BC
- Had defeated the Etruscans to the north and the Greek city-states to the south
Treatment
- Latins on the Tiber became full citizens
- In territory farther from ROme, the conquered people were citizens as well but didnt have voting power
- The remaining became allies of Rome.
Punic Wars
- 3 wars between Romans and Carthage
- 1st war was over control of Sicily
- 2nd war when Hannibal was the general of Carthage. Attempted a sneak attack through the alps and capture Rome. Used elephants
- 3rd war- Scipio (General of Rome) attacked Carthage and Hannibal is defeated.
- Rome defeated Carthage in all 3 wars
- War 1-2, Rome was on the defensive.
- Key players-- Hannibal (C), Scipio (R), Cincinnatus (R)
Lating Effects
- Showed civilizations in the Mediteranean that Rome was dominant
- By 70 BC, Rome had conquered a lot of land around the Mediterranean coast.
Roman Republic
- The rapid expansion began to hurt the empire
- The land was going to large estates and the small farmers were not making any money
- One of the reasons leading to a civil war
Avengers of Caesar
- Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus avenged Caesar and became the 2nd triumvirate
- Ecen jealousy here, Octavian forced Lepidus to retire his power
- Mark Antony fell in love with Cleopatra and follwed her to Eygpt
- Left Octtavian to be the sole leader
Augustus
- Term given to Octavian, meaning "exalted on"
- Rome was at the peak of its power and peace throughout Augustus's Rule and even to 180 AD
- Pax Romana- "Roman Peace
Christianity
- Always played a alrge part in Roman Religion
- Empire gave and sold the new religion
Jesus of Nazareth
- Viewed as Messiah or savior by Christians
- Born in the town of Bethlehm
History of Jesus
- Records mention very little of Jesus
- Main source of info are the gospels
- These gospels were written by his disciples or pupils, called apostles
Jesus' Death
- He was growing in popularity and this concerned the Roman and Jewish leaders
- A governor of Rome named Pontius Pilate accused Jesus of defying the authority of Rome
- He was then crucified on a wooden cross
Spreading CHristianity
- After his death, the followers continued to spread his ideas.
- Despite the large amiunt of political and religious opposition, the new religion of CHristianity began to spread.
Pauk
- Man who influenced the spread of Chirstianity
- Was once a Jew and against Christianity
- He was able to do many of his speeches, and travel throught the Roman EMpire bc it was during Pax Romana
Charts
- Christian- Belived that Jesus is the Messiah. Acceptance of Gentiles and Jews alike
- Jewish- Belief that Jews were the chosen people. Adherence to Jewish law
- Both- Believe in one God. Believe in the Ten COmmandments
Persecution of Christians
- The main reason was that they refused to worship Roman Gods
- As Pax Romana began to crumble, persecution of the Christians continued
- Thousands were crucified and burned, or killed by wild animals in the arenas
- Other Christians and even some non-Christians regarded peersecuted Christians as martyrs
- Martyrs- were people willing to sacrifice their lives for the sake of a belief or cause
Popularity
- Became a world religion for many reasons
- Embraced all people
- Gave hope to the powerless
- Appealed tp those who were repelled by the extravagances of imperial rome
- Offered personal relationship with a loving God
- Promised eternal life after death
Constatine accepting Christianity
- Constatine wa fighintg over the leadership of Rome
- He prayed to the Christian God, and saw a cross
- He then ordered the artisans to paint the Christian Symbol on the shields
- He won the battle so he began to accept Chrsitianity
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