1/23/17-1/27/17

[1Morgan]

Monday- continue presentations

Continue Politics

Teapot Dome Oil Scandal

• Secretary sent to prison
• Navy oil reserves sent to operators
• Oil companies drilled on federal land
• Hundreds of thousands of dollars
• Biggest scandal in the 1920's

Calvin Coolidge

• Vice President for Harding
• Wins 1924 election
• "The business of America is business"
• No connection with scandals
• Accomplishments:
  • Kept US out of League of Nations
  • Cut more taxes
  • Kept government out of the way
  • Small govt.

Democratic Nominee

• William Gibbs McAdoo (Rural)
  • Wanted prohibition
• Alfred E. Smith (Urban)
  • Against prohibition
  • Democrats wanted Urban States
  • America was anti-catholic, he was catholic
  • cost him southern states
• Ended up with John W. Davis
  • Only strong in the South

Robert La Follette

• Against bribes
• Hated corrupt govt.
• Progressive movement
• Helped Expose Teapot Dome
• Died in 1925
• Family carried on his legacy
• 3rd party

Herbert Hoover

• Never ran for office before
• From Iowa
• Food administration
• Part of WWI relief efforts
• Republicans were on a roll
• Took credit for 1920's prosperity
• Accomplishments
  • Known for Stock Market Crash
  • Blamed for Great Depression
  • Did his best to stop it- hand-tied by his philosophies
  • Started more public projects
  • Lending institutions put in place

Economy

• GDP in the '20's 6,500-8,700
• 2016 GDP- 51,486
• Dow Jones 30- 30 huge companies- sort of stock market indicator
  • Chrysler Co.
  • General Motors
  • Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey (Exxon Mobil)
• Electricity impacted inventions
• Automobile impacted lifestyle
  • Created a lot of jobs
  • Mass production of automobiles and appliances
• Buying of Credit
• "Buy now, pay later"
• Consumers could buy all new appliances
• Debt doubled between 20's and 30's

Tariffs

• Emergency Tariff
• European demand plummeted
• Fordeney-Mccumber Tariff (1922)
• Raised taxes to protect farms and factories
• Forced people to buy American goods to protect businesses

Stock Market Crash

• In 1929 production had declined
• Unemployment had risen
• Stock prices didn't reflect this
• Causes:
  • People had too much debt (buying on credit)
  • Businesses didn't have the money
  • Tariffs didn't allow enough money in
  • Overvalued stock prices
  • Investors- 10% then installments- created debt
  • Foreign investors started leaving- saw the signs
• Autumn 1929
  • Consumer spending slowed, sales suffered
  • Many eared drop in stock prices
  • Nervous investors began to sell off stocks
• October 29
  • Black Tuesday- 16 million shares of stock sold in one day
  • Few people wanted to buy stock, stock prices collapsed
• Market Crash
  • Stock market crash ruined many investors
  • Banks that had lent money to investors were also in deep financial trouble
  • Devastating blow dealt to American industry
  • Spurred on Great Depression

Tuesday- Continue presentations

The Harlem Renaissance

• African Americans had more rights
• Bringing music, art, culture
• Langston Hughes- famous- first African American author

Klu Klux Klan (KKK)

• Founded in 1866
• Went after Blacks, Jews, Catholics, and Labor Organizations (everyone who weren't WASPs)
• Secret gatherings in fields out of towns
• Only native born people allowed to join
• When anyone tried to stop them they were scared off- KKK burned crosses and other objects in their yard

Immigration Act (The Johnson-Reed Act)

• There was no limit on immigration
• In 1917, they realized they were letting many into the country.
• Provided immigrants visas to 2% of the people who were born in the US
• Completely excluded Asian immigrants- racist
• Afraid that immigrants would overthrow the country- Red Scare

The Red Scare

• Nationwide fear of communists, socialists, anarchists, and others who oppose official policy
• Soviet Union- first country to become communists, send people to other countries to start communist revolutions
• Fear of a communist revolution was at the core of the Red Scare (first Red Scare in the 20's, second in the 40's-50's)

Palmer Raids

• Alexander Mitchell Palmer- Attorney General- house bombed by anarchist
• FBI would go into houses and business looking for anything to do with communism- 1919-1921
• Mostly recent immigrants were arrested, despite lack of evidence

Effects on American Society

• Fear and paranoia
• Hostility towards immigrants and people with radical political views
• Justice department overreacted- rounded up people (including many innocents) and either deported or jailed them (Palmer Raids)

Amelia Earhart/Airplanes

• She was on a round-world flight when her plane "Lockheed Electra" disappeared over the Pacific Ocean on June 2nd 1937
• Nobody knows what happened to her, but many assumed she crashed and died
• Amelia Mary Earhart was an American aviation pioneer and author
• First Female to fly solo over the Atlantic Ocean
• Declared legally dead on January 5, 1939
• Disappeared over the Pacific Ocean
• Plane and body were never found
• Plane's 2nd attempt to travel around the world

What were planes used for back then?

• Fighting in wars
• Transportation- Exporting and Importing
• Amelia was using her plane to travel

Wednesday- continue presentations

The Scopes Monkey Trial

• John Thomas Scopes was born August 3rd 1900 in Kentucky
• Taught high school science in Dayton, Tennessee- substitute teacher
• Conspired to violate the Butler act- 1925 Tennessee law prohibiting any public school teachers from denying the Biblical account of man's origins by teaching instead that we descended from a lower form- kind of opposite of today
• ACLU
  • American Civil Liberties Union
  • Advertised in the newspaper that they would defend anyone who would go against the Butler Act
  • Clarence Darrow defended Scopes
  • They believed that they had "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in the country by the Constitution and laws of the US"
• George Washington Rappleyea
  
  • Prime instigator in challenging the anti-evolution law
  • Thought a trial would bring needed publicity to the economically suffering small town
  • Convinced Scopes to break the law and had him arrested
• William Jennings Bryan
  
  • Politician from Nebraska
  • 3 time democratic nominee for President
  • Joined the prosecution in Scopes trial
• The Trial
  
  • Each days proceeding was opened with prayer
  • Scopes started with the Butler Act violating his teaching rights
  • Switched to say that the theory of evolution didn't conflict with what the Bible says
  • On the 7th day of the trial the defense called Bryan to testify
  • Clarence Darrow asked him many question that showed Bryan's ignorance of science
• The Verdict
  • On July 21, after only 8 minutes of deliberation, the jury found Scopes guilty and the judge ordered him to pay the minimum fine of $100
• After the Trial
  
  • 5 days after the trial, William Jennings Bryan died in his sleep
  • People all over started challenging the Butler Act
  • The law was repealed in 1976

Thursday- continue presentations

Model T Automobile

• Ford
• Came out October 1st, 1908
• $850 ($18,000 today)
• Cheapest ever sold was $260
• Before the model T- letter cars
• More than 15,000,000
• Last produced on May 26th, 1927
• Very popular
• Only come in black
• Basic as possible, cheap as possible

Model A

• Produced 1927-31
• Riots
• Many styles- 4 doors, trucks, convertibles
• 1930-1932 truck
• Starting to have more color

Other Kinds of Cars

• Rolls Royce (rich, high class car)
• Duesenberg (high class)
• Dodge (lower class)
• Buick (lower class, not really around anymore)
• Cadillac (middle class)
• Automobiles had an incredible impact on everything

Route 66

• Chicago-LA
• Plan started in 1916
• Revised in 1921
• Govt. got in and helped in 1925
• Started Highway system
• Still popular today
• "The Mother Road"

Electricity and Inventions

• Major time for new inventions and improving old inventions
• Washing machine invented- saved time
• Vacuum Cleaner invented
• Clothing irons

Electricity

• In 1924 2/3 of Americans had electricity (excluding farmers)
• Harvey Hubble- Electric Socket

Friday- Bruns' Review on the 20's

Red Scare- Fear of Communism 1919-1920

• Russia became communist
• Fear that communism would corrupt our govt.
• Communism- political, economic, and social system
• Karl Marx- German
  • Looked at capitalism, and saw the top 1% having most of the world's income
  • Believed that everyone should be equal and help each other
  • The theory of communism never worked out- lead to anarchy
• Vladimir Lenin- first leader of Soviet Union after communist revolution
  • Wanted to overthrow the govt. give the power to the people
  • Died recently after coming to power
• Stalin was his successor
  • Killed everyone he didn't trust
  • Led Soviet Russia down a different path
  • Now communism is oppressive, huge govt.

Sacco and Vanzetti

• Italian
• Immigrants
• Anarchists
• Accused of murder and executed
• Accused because of Red Scare hysteria

Immigration in the 20's

• Many immigration acts
• Specifically restricted Southern Europeans, Eastern Europeans, and Jews
• Also severely restricted immigration of Africans and prohibited Arabs East Asians, and Indians
• "preserve the ideal of American homogeneity"- WASPs

Republican Philosophy in the 20's

• Trickle-down theory
• Laissez-faire
• Rugged individualism
• Normalcy