1. What were the causes of the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression?-Lack of government regulation, buying stocks on margin. pooling-buy a stock and then when they are high, sell it. over priced stock, people not paying businesses, It fell on Tuesday October 29 in 1929, Cycle of the Great Depression unemployment meant fewer customers and products made and businesses closed by 1932 12 million were unemployed. The government didn't regulate stocks, interest rates were very low........Causes of The Great Depression-Stock Market Crash, Banks failed, droughts, tariff with Europe, Overproduction of goods, Herbert hoover helped farmers.
2. What impact did the stock market crash and Great Depression have on the lives of people in the United States?-- Bankruptcy, people sold stocks but no one bought them so they lost money and people withdrew lots of money at a time. Unemployment forced families to combine and live in small apartments-communities of hoovervilles, illness and starvation became a problem because people couldnt afford food and they would avoid dental and medical care to save money, Malnourished children were hungry and didnt have proper clothes schools closed and many children didnt go to school, Farming-farms were lost because people couldnt pay for the land, about 750,000 farms were lost, farmers killed animals because they were too much of an expense Dust Bowl was in was soil- dust due to over productioni it was a factor in the great depression some winds were 60+mph and some people choked in the dust bowl, Suicide and crime rate increased it was a significant a hotel in new york asked people if they were there to stay or jump. Crime rates went up and 14 to 22 out of 100,000 suicides .
3. What did the United States government do to help alleviate the problems the Great Depression brought to our country?
President Hoover-RFC-gave loans to banks, state local and businesses to create projects and jobs for people, gave states loans for emergency relief needs
Election of 1932-Herbert Hoover (R) Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)
Roosevelt-New Deal(Goals/1st and 2nd)-First New Deal-1933-1934-Economic, stabilize banks clean up the financial mess from the stock market crash help farmers. The new deal is Roosevelts plan was to get the country back on track, create agencies to make jobs, workers formed unions, helped states and communities inspired civic cultural and economic renaissance, Build roads, highways, bridges, also build schools theaters libraries city halls, homes parks ,post offices, and airports. The 3 R's, relief, recovery, reform. Second New Deal-still apart of of original new deal, just starts the second half of the new deal use more natural resources slum clearances.
How did the New Deal impact the following: unemployed- unemployment rate goes down from the new deal, 6 agencies helped build public buildings so they could give jobs and people could get jobs after the uilding was built, PWA-Public works administration, 1933-1939 gave millions of men jobs, WPA-Works Progress Administratioin one of the biggest new deal programs, CCC-Civilian Conservatioin Corps- employed about 3 million men between 18-25 years old.
young people-A lot of young people had to fend for themselves, The NYA helped young get jobs and gave them money
factory workers/labor unions-Wagner Act-it guarantees basic rights of private sector employees to organize into trade unions also allowed employees to strike if they think its necessary, FSLA also known as the wages and hours bill, introduced maximum 44 hours seven day work week they established minimum wages time and a half overtime for certain jobs. Roosevelt called the FSLA the most important piece of new deal legislation passes since the social security act of 1935, also children under 18 cannot do certain dangerous jobs, children under 16 cannot work during. NIRA law that authorized the president to regulate industry in attempt to raise prices. PWA large scale construction agency and they built dams bridges hospitals and schools it was to help revive the economy Labor Unions- an or organized association of workers often in a trade or profession formed to protect and further their rights and interests in 1933 there were only 3 million labor union members
farmers-the main problem was they were overproducing, some farmers got paid to produce less
elderly-fiscal year=tax year, social security act, aged individuals received payments, if you were less than 65 than your family would earn 3 percent of what you made.
poor- breadlines, soup kitchens, helped churches, charities, Hoovervilles- shacks where many poor lived, HOLC-homeowners loan committee, homeowners refinancing act, it helped people pay mortgage. FCA- helped farmes, farm credit administration
homeowners-homeowner rates fell because many people lost their jobs and homes, National housing act--designed to stop bank foreclosures on family homes. Federal Housing Administration- made housing and home mortgages more affordable, Federal savings and loan insurance corporation-insure deposits in savings and loans. United STates Housing Authority- designed to lend money to the states or communities for low cost construction. Homeowners loan corporation-its purpose was to refinance home mortgages currently in default to prevent foreclosure.
artists/musicians-it was a time of exploration, artists got hired by government and they sought for popularity it was a way to express themselves. Federal Art Project-it was new deal program that gave jobs to artists it was a way to help artist get jobs and money. Musicians- employed musicians, conductors and composers Federal music project paid people to put on free concerts, it helped bring peoples moods up it also helped with equality some children learned about music, it was a distraction from the depression.
women/African-American- boys mostly got educated so many women didnt get to go to school women stayed home and took care of the home and kids FERA- federal emergency relief administration eleanor roosevelt supported it it helped bring families together and it provided work and loans for some women. Works progress administration- one of three members in the social security board she was the supervisor. women worked in the summer gardening and canning some worked in school lunchrooms 31 cents an hour was their pay and more than a thousand women were employed as housekeepers, some women were forced to find jobs some only made five dollars per week some women sewed clothes for a living
Native Americans-john collier was a social worker and he became head of indian affairs he created the Indian reorganization act of 1934
banks-many banks closed some banks had to have withdrawal restrictions because too many people withdrawals bank holidays were days where the bank had to close for a few days to cool down the banks would have to close down forever if they didnt have bank holidays. the FDIC is the federal deposit insurance corporation it was to insure the people that they wont lose there money
stock market-there were a lot of problems with the stock market including people not having enough money to buy stocks so they would borrow it from a broker it took 22 years for stocks to go back up and when the stock market bottomed out it decreased 90%. Securities act of 1933 a security is when you buy a stock in the securities act of 1933 it requires that investors receive financial and other significant information concerning securities being offered for public sale, prohibit deceit, misrepresentations and other fraud in the sale of securities it also so enabled investors make judgement about buying securities and investors who have losses can try to prove there was inaccurate information. US securities and exchange commission - little support for federal regulation of securities market before the crash of 1929 and it created from the securities act of 1933 and the securities exchange act of 1934 the responsibilities of these things interpret and enforce laws there are new rules and fix old rules and they over see inspections of securities firms brokers investment advisers and rating agencies.
Energy-some farmers moved to cities and they became over populated, The REA helped farmers get more electricity the TVA built many dams and it created energy, they also developed fertilizers so farmers wouldnt ruin the soil, EHFA was the electric home and farm authority they had appliances that was now like standard living
4. What long lasting impact did the Great Depression have on
Shelby County-most banks were closed down, some people tried to grow gardens a lot of kids helped out there parents with money some people qualified for food stamps and IOU's where you would go to a store and get food and then when the bank reopened you would pay them back
Iowa-farmers struggled and they overproduced some people kept their homes warm with corn by burning it
US-many business closed, crime rates skyrocketed, a lot of teens left their homes looking for jobs some people put off their marriage so they wouldnt be a let down to their future spouse and divorce rates also went up because of causes of money
World-it affected people in France because people didn't have enough money to tour France, Adolf Hitler came to power and Germany was still suffering financially from WW1, Japan didnt have any natural resources so the invaded china and they became allies with germany and italy. Soviet union wasnt horribly affected because they were a dictatorship and Joseph Stalin killed many soviets who didnt agree with his ways. Great Britain were really dependent on exports and when other countries couldnt trade with them then it caused unemployment.
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