05/4/2015-05/8/2015

[7leticia]

MONDAY- Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in USSR- 1985

• Perestroika and Glasnost-1985
• Perestroika- Restructuring of the soviet economy and political system
• More democracy
• Free elections 
• INF Treaty
• Berlin Wall comes Down-November 9, 1989
• we had close ties with our allies and the 
• the strong anti-communist president of Reagan Gorbachev's willingness for changes and reform
• glasnost and perestroika- admitted soviet  mistakes- took blame for the cold war
• communist system had filled

soviet Mistakes

- invasion of Afghanistan

-ignoring social concerns

-spent everything on military 

Post Cold War

• In the 1990's the world seemed to be a much more peaceful place
• president Clinton closed down numerous military bases around the country reducing the size of the US military
• 9-11 caught the US off grade 

what impact did the fall of the soviet union and communism have on Europe and the world 

Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan

• East and west Germany re-unified in 1990 
• Rise of democracy and capitalism throughout Europe 
• The world became more unified and more interdependent
• The rise of radical Islamic group Taliban, AL-Qaeda
• The united states emerged as the singed as the major power in the world

Remembering 9-11

• what happened ? where? when? who? why did they attack us? what impact did it have on the US both short term and long term? backgroumd- History of AL-Qoedo
• September 11, 2001
• In the early morning hours on september 11, 2001 , four commercial airliners were hijacked 
• 8:46 am - American Airline Flight 11 was the first to crash into the north tower of the world trade center
• Approximately seventeen minutes later , united Airline Flight 175 crashed into south tower
• The secand crash was captured on live television
• structural damage to both the north and south towers caused them to collapse
• the south tower collapsed first at 9:59 a.m 
• 2,606 were killed including 
• 343 Firefighters
• 23 police Officers

TUESDAY-

Brader Effects

• beyond those who lost their lives on September 11, many thousands more were directly affected
• it is estimated that about 3,000 children lost a parent and more than 1,600 people lost a spouse
• 20% of Americans knew someone who was either hurt or killed that day

Broader Effects Continued

• sporting events were postponed
• national parks and landmarks closed for a while
• late night comedians took some time off
• movies , TV shows, video games were delayed and changed or cancelled 
• airports closed for a few day and became much more secure leading to longer waiting times
• the department of Homeland security was set up 
• The patriot Act was passed
• Lead to water boarding by the CIA at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
• War in Afghanistan-October,2001
• Patriotism increased

Bush Doctrine

• us had the right to secure itself against countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist groups
• united states should depose foreign governments that represented a potential threat to the security of the united states
• Encourage democracy around the world, es[specially in the middle east as a stagy for combating terrorism
• National September ll Memorial & Museum
• One World Trade Center
• How tall?? Opened November, 2014

Notes:what was this war??? 2 Aguest, 1990- 28 February 1991

Annexation

• Deployment and use of Weaponry
• Air attacks sent to defend 4 day ground offensive 
• cease fire Modern weaponry 

CASUALTIES

230,000 troops deployed

• Leaders Saddam Hussein goals 
• George H>W> Bush Goal
• Aftermath destruction
• Iraq endanger
• Iraq Iran war of 2003......

BILL Clinton

•  42ND PRESIDENT OF THE United states 
• served from 1993- 2003
• Background he served as Governor 
• pros- during his presidency had the lowest rates 
• he successfully passed the NAFTA 
• put more police officers on the streets
• it lowered the crime rates and helped former well fare
• more than 22 million jobs were being created in Les than 8 years 
• 2nd president to be impeached 
• when he was a governor they saw him like an unappropriated person
• Monica Lewinsky - has sex talks and diets known as the scandal"i did not have sexual relationships with that women ,miss Lewinsky

WEDNESDAY-History of AL-Qaeda and Terrorism against the USA

• Al Qaeda means "the Base" it is stateless (meaning without a country )
• The beginnings of AL- Qaeda go back to the 1980s when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan
• USSR VS. Afghanistan 1979-1989
• Bin Laden and the Arab Afghans , fought the soviet union
• the soviet army left in 1988
• we helped 
• Desert Storm
• in 1990 Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein invaded the tiny, oil-rich country 
• Operation Desert Storm
• the united states feared Saddam would invade
• US and Saudi coalition the united states asked the Saudis for permission to establish military bases in their country 
• Saudi's choice Asama bin Laden, back home from Afghan
• Saudis chose the USA and Sudden
• 1991 - Bin Laden leaves Saudi Arabia for Sudan 
• In November 2002, bin wrote his "Letter to America"
• I, western support for attacking Muslim in Somalia
• Support Russian atrocities against Muslim in Chechnya
• Supporting the Indian oppression against Muslims in Kashmir

THURSDAY- supporting the Jewish aggression against Muslims in Lebanon

• Why did these people want to attack america?? According to Bin Laden, he has never said that the attacks were, are. or will be because of america freedoms , the rights of our citizens 
• US military bases world wide 2001-2003
• USA in Somalia Dec.4,1992, George H.W Bush sends 28,000 American troops to Somalia
• Bush wanted to help the Somali people since all attempts to send food to them were intercepted by war lords
• Black Hawk Down!! In 1993, 18 Americans died when their Black Hawk helicopter was shot down over Mogadishu, Somalia
• al Qaeda? The us thinks al Qaeda operatives taught the Somalians how to shoot down helicopters just like they did in Afghanistan against the Soviet
• 1993- The 1st World Trade Center bombing
• It killed 6 people and injured over 1000 May 1996---Sudan expels bin Laden and he returns to Afghanistan
• Basics --Population=32 million
• Sizw=Texas
• Language=Afghan Persian- 70 diffrent languages 

AFGHAN HISTORY

• Diverse Nation
• Conquered in past by:Persians, Romans, Ottomans, British
• Won Independence from Great Britain in 1919
• 1978 Civil War
• 1979 Soviet Invasion>Beat USSR in 89' w/USA Aid
• Afghanistan Was Run by the Taliban, A Violent Local, Afghanistan Group Led By Mullah Omar
• Public Execution in 1999
• 1,500 year old Buddha statues March 2001
• Opium-poppy plants
• The Taliban did not plant the 9/11 Attacks, But they let Bin Laden Operate in Afghanistan and Refused to turn him over to the US
• In Aguest of 1998, AL Qaeda, led by bin Laden and Atman Zachariah declared war on the US
• Embassy Bombings:1998 - Two american embassies in Kenya and Tanzania
• Clinton Responds - President Clinton decided to attack AL Qaeda in response
• USS Cole Attack Oct. 2000
• In Yemen, Al Qaeda sent a suicide bomber aboard a small ship near the USS Cole and detonated its, bomb

Operation Enduring Freedom- Invaded Afghanistan(Oct.7,2001) -Mission

1. )Capture Asama bin Laden
2. )Destroy AL-Qaeda network
3. )Remove Taliban Regime

What are the problems?

• Friend or Foe? -Suicide Bombers- IED-Improvised Explosive Devices
• Successful or Unsuccessful? New Democratic Government in Afghanistan -Unstable however
• Taliban ni longer in control-yet have re-emerged in SE Afghanistan & now Parts of Pakistan
• Seal Team Six killed Asama bin Laden on May 2, 2011
• Long dragged out conflicts with no end in sight
• Can't tell whose an friend or foe
• Not popular at home
• Not popular with other government or their people

FRIDAY-NATO

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)
• "Committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective (joint) security".
• 49 countries have sent troops over the years
• Are Iraq/Afghanistan wars another Vietnam???
• US troops in Afghanistan the white house says that the prospect of a complete withdrawal of U.S troops Afghanistan by next year opened up, after the strife-torn nation's president Hamid Karzai refused to sign a security deal(2002-2006 ;ow levels of violence

18,00-20,000 Afghan Civilians Killed 2001-Present

• Afghan civilian casualties per year
• US spending on Afghanistan (in billing)
• 2,201 U.S. Military Deaths and 19,964 US W.I.A
• U.S. Troop Fatalities in and around Afghanistan
• Monthly U.S. Troops Numbers in Iraq and Afghanistan

Iraq

• The Cradle of civilization
• The Fertile Crescent
• The birthplaces of writing, law and the wheel
• Historically, Known as Mesopotamia(Land between the rivers)
• At different periods in its history, Iraq was the center of the indigenous Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Abbasid empires.
• It was also part of the Achievement, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman
• It came under British control after WWII(1918)
• A monarchy was established in 1921
• Iraq gained interdependence from Britain in 1932
• In 1958, the monarchy was overthrown and the republic of Iraq was created
• Iraq was controlled by the Baath party from 1968 until 2003
• Saddam Hussein-1979-2003
• A new constitution was then approved by vote and a new government of Iraq was elected
• In aguest 2010, the U.S. became the last member of the coalition to cease combat operations in Iraq
• Iran-Iraq War-1980-1988
• The war began when Iraq invaded Iran 
• what caused it ? 

1. Border disputes
2. Fears of Shia Muslim uprising among Iraq's long -suppressed

• December 30, 2006

Persian Gulf War

• August 2, 1990- February 28, 1991
• Code named Operation Desert Storm(17 January 17, 1991-February 28,1991)

Consequences on Iraq

• Economic sanctions remained
• Weapons inspectors
• No fly zone

Iraq War -2003-2011

• Called Operation Iraqi Freedom by the United States military
• Conflict that occurred in Iraq from March 20, 2003 to December 18, 2011

Main Cause

• The United States and the United Kingdom claimed that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction(WMD) which was a threat to our security
• In 2002, the United Nations Security Council called for Iraq to completely cooperate with UN weapon inspectors to verify that Iraq was not in possession of WMD
• After the Iraqi invasion, it was concluded that Iraq had ended its WMD program in 1991 and had no active programs at the time of the invasion 

Other "Possible" Causes

• Some accused Saddam Hussein of harboring and supporting AL-Qaeda but no evidence was ever found
• Iraqi government human rights abuses
• Wanted to spread democracy to the country 
• Oil interests
• President Bush wanted to "fix what his daddy messed up"

Issues in Iraq after Invasion

• Violence against coalition forces
• Civil war and sectarian violence
• The emergence of AL-Qaeda in Iraq (ISIS)

President Bush's Policies

•  Started the war in 2003
• War was supported at first but no WMD's found led to war becoming very unpopular 
• Abu Ghraib
• Accused of not having an "exist strategy"
• Helped establish a new democratic government in Iraq 
• Started troop reduction in 2008
• "The surge" took place in 2007. It helped get the violence under control in Iraq