- 1st Coalition
- 1792-1797
- Fought against revolting/revolutionizing France, and many other European countries.
- Was the first major effort of multiple European monarchies to contain Revolutionary France.
- Great Britain set up the monarchy in France.
- France declared war on the Habsburg monarchy of Austria on April 20, 1792, and the Kingdom of Prussia joined the Austrian side a few weeks later.
- They attacked Austria because of Marie Antoinette.
- Countries Involved.
- First Coalition: Against France
- Habsburg Monarchy (Austria)
- Holy Roman Empire
- Prussia (until 1795)
- Great Britain
- French Royalists
- Spain (until 1795)
- Portugal
- (These countries liked the idea of a monarchy)
- Opposing Sides
- French Republic
- Spain (from 1796)
- Batavian Republic (from 1795)
- French satellite states
- Polish Legions (from 1795)
- (These countries were against the idea of a monarchy)
- First Coalition: Against France
- 1st Coalition Continued
- This war started off as France as the aggressor, even though many people assume differently.
- At the beginning, France suffered some defeats by other countries and some issues with loyalists (internal issues).
- Their response was to increase the size of their army.
- They made all men, ages 18-25, “draftable” to fight in the war.
- France Against the Coalition
- However, the French were able to regroup and do much better fighting off the coalition.
- A few countries quit fighting against France in 1795. (Prussia and Spain even switched sides like USSR did in WWII).
- Finally in 1797, Great Britain was the only country still fighting against France.
- They quickly quit and France prevailed.
- Results of the War
- French Victory
- Treaty of Campo Formio
- Survival of the French Republic
- French annexation of the Austrian Netherlands.
- Several French client republics established (sister countries).
- Hostilities resume in 1798 with the formation of a Second Coalition against France.
- Treaty of Campo Formio
- Treaty between France and the Holy Roman Empire.
- France was beating them, and so the Holy Roman Empire gave in and gave France the Austrian Netherlands and turned Northern Italy into sister republics.
- With the Treaty of Campo Formio, the Holy Roman Empire ceded the Austrian Netherlands to France and Northern Italy was turned into several French “Sister Republics”.
Research : In your groups, you’re going to write 1.4n paragraphs about the 2nd coalition against the French. Always round up, even if .2. Make sure you cover Who, major battles, what occurred, results, why it started
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