Week of September 29 - October 3

September 29 - Absent. They finished notes.

September 30 - Absent. They took the test.

October 1 - Absent.

Notes from Kelsey Schaben's blog.

Ch. 8.1:

-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?
skyscrapers, electric streetcars, central park- more cities made nicer/safer parks, more firefighters, became more safe, airplanes, camera, automobile, amusement parks, sports- tennis, boxing, baseball

Ch. 8.2:

-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
started in late 1800s, 10 guys to decide the curriculum for US, started slow-elementary was focus, industrial form of education  

Ch. 8.3:

-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
voting restrictions- had to pay in order to vote, had to take a literacy test before voting, used to keep blacks from voting. Jim crow laws- laws to separate public facilities between blacks and whites, spread hospitals, parks, transportation, and schools. Debt peonage- if work as a slave, debt is paid off. 
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
Homer Plessy- claimed that segregation and discrimination was unconstitutional

Grandfather clause- 1-1-1867, if grandfather voted by that day

Ch. 8.4:

-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.

Theater- plays, sitcoms, Vaudeville. Traveling entertainment- circus. Baseball games, silent movies, amusement parks, bicycling, jukebox

October 2 - Took notes.

October 3 - Took notes.

Ch. 9.1

-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).

The progressive era was a period of political and social reform in the United States.

  • Protect social welfare - Made houses for the poor, libraries, soup kitchens.
  • Promote moral improvement - Prohibition, Women's suffrage.
  • Create economic reform - The income gap was very large, child labor laws enforced, a lot of people wanted socialism.
  • Fostering efficiency - Child labor laws, more regulations. Assembly lines and did studies on workers' efficiency.

-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?

  • Prohibition is the banning of alcohol.
  • Wanted because they thought it would boosts people's moral.

  • Woman's Christian Temperance Union
  • Sang and prayed in saloons.
  • Went into bars and saloons to protest - tried to get them to stop selling alcohol - helped lead to prohibition.

-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.

  • Helped ban alcohol
  • Impacted the conditions of factory workers and their wages
  • WCTU, Salvation Army, etc.

-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?

  • Banned making, selling and transportation of it.
  • It banned the sale of alcohol in the U.S. 
  • Thought it would increase the moral of people, make them better and happier.

-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?

  • Everyone is equal, because government is strong and makes it all equal. Control everything.
  • Started with the progressive movement.

-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?

  • American journalists who would find out bad things about companies and expose them.

-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era?

  • They made new laws that were made to improve life - better for the people.

-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?

  • Paid workers more, reduced their hours.
  • Boosted moral which boosted efficiency.
  • Kept workers - didn't want to quit

-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?

  • Reduced hours
  • Better conditions
  • Protected children - child labor laws

-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?

  • Them along with labor unions, pressured the politicians into passing the Keating-Owen act
  • Child labor laws

 -What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work?

  • Started with women - saying they couldn't handle the amount of work they had
  • Then for men as well

-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?

  • They put into play worker's compensation and child labor laws.

-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?

  • They started trying to make it more like socialism - rich fought against that.

-What did the 17th Amendment do?

  • Direct Election of U.S. senators
  • Allowed the people to elect the senators that represent them.

Ch. 9.2

-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.

  • 1920 - 19th amendment, women given the right to vote.
  • Women were always the ones who took care of their homes and families, because the men were the ones that were supposed to work.
  • Upper and middle class could afford to work at home, but lower class women had to take jobs and were paid less than men - about half.

-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.

  • Women pushed for the right 3 different times
    • First tried to convince State Legislature to grant the right. Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and Idaho granted their rights.
    • Second they went to the courts asking, "Aren't women citizens too?" The courts agreed they were citizens, but denied them their right to vote.
    • Third they pushed the National Constitutional Amendment for the right to vote. Took 41 years.

-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.

  •  Susan B. Anthony - Leader of women's suffrage
  • Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe were the leaders of a women's group called National American Woman Suffrage Association - NAWSA

Ch. 9.3

-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.

  • Listed below...

-Square Deal

  • It was made for the middle class, the 3 C's: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations and consumer protection, pushed to restrict big business.

-Breaking up strikes

  • 140,000 coal miners went on strike demanding better pay, hours, and the right to unionize, Roosevelt threatened to take over the coal mines if they didn't solve the dispute.

-Regulating railroads

  • The Interstate Commerce Commission enforced the Interstate Commerce Act which prohibited wealthy railroad owners from charging high prices.

-Regulating food and drugs

  • Meat inspection act - kept people from getting sick - sanitation issues
  • Pure Food and Drug Act - unsafe things in foods and medications, added labels

-Conservation

  • Roosevelt set up several national parks, 50 wildlife sanctuaries, and set aside 200+ million acres of forest, water power sites, and land for research 

-Policy towards African-Americans

  • Roosevelt failed to support civil rights, but he did support a few individual African Americans

 

Ch.9.4

-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidency

  • Payne-aldrich Tariff
  • Dollar Diplomacy
  • Sent marines to Nicaragua
  • Antitrust actions
  • Webb-Kenyon Interstate Shipment Act of 1913
  • Ratified the 16 amendment

-Payne-Aldrich Tariff 

  • 1909
  • Raised tariffs on goods. Representative Payne introduced a low tariff, but bu the time it was put into place, the tariff had risen more rates. Instead of vetoing, Taft passed it and called it the best tariff ever passed by the Republicans. Most tariffs were raised.

-Land disputes

  • Dispute over Mexican-American border.
  • In 1911, two presidents at the time - Taft and Porfirio Diaz - had a summit over the matter. It was historic, agreement happened in 1963. 
  • Ballinger was appointed as secretary of the interior, who gave 1 million acres of forestry back to the people - white rich males.

-Breaking up trusts

  • Busted 90 trusts
  • Standard Oil Company of New Jersey and American Tobacco Company - won lawsuit against the American Sugar Refining Company it was the break up the sugar trust that rigged prices.
  • Taft was unable to tell the difference between good and bad trusts.

-16th Amendment

  • States that the Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several states and without regard to any census or enumeration.
  • Set up income tax.

-Policy towards African-Americans

  • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People - NAACP - It was supped to make sure African Americans had political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights and trying to get rid of racial hatred and discrimination.

-Break-up of the Republican Party

  • Result of numerous things, Taft was to cautious to hold up both wings of the Republican party. Joe Cannon was chairman of the House rules committee, which decides what bills congress looks over.

-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.

  • Easy to predict. Republicans fell apart by the time the election started. Democrats win Governor Woodrow Wilson's leadership, endorsed a progressive platform called the New Freedom. Stronger antitrust legislation, banking reform, and reduced tariffs. Both Roosevelt and Wilson believed in a stronger government with big businesses government should be involved.
  • Roosevelt runs, doesn't get Republican nomination, Taft does. Roosevelt runs as third part which splits off the Republicans. Woodrow Wilson was democrat, won.

 

 

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