Monday- Notes on the cold war
Tuesday- continued notes with the Cold War
Wednesday- finished notes on the Cold War
The Second Red Scare 1947 – 57
-Scared that communist would take over our country, so people were arrested who were thought to be communist
- Causes
-Julius and The Rosenberg Trial
- found guilty of spying for the Soviets – executed in 1953
- The Iron Cutain surrounding Eastern Europe 1945
- The USSR detonating their atomic bomb 1949
- China Becoming communists in 1945
-The Korean War starting in 1950 Domino effect
- Stalin’s actions in Germany – Berlin Blockade
Chiange Kai Shekt vs Mao Zedong(communists)
Throughout the 1930’s they went to civil war, but in 1937 they were invaded and fought together against in the war but after the war they went back to a civil war
Alien Registration Act of 1940 (Smith Act)
-Made it illegal advocate the overthrow of the U.S. government
- Required all non-citizen adult residents to register with the government
- Approximately 215 people were indicted under the legislation, including alleged communists, anarchists, and fascists
- Prosecutions under the Smith Act continued until a Supreme Court decision declared law unconstitutional in 1957
McCarthy and McCarthyism
- Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957) was a Republican Senator from Wisconsin
- In 1950, gave a speech where he claimed to have a list of 205 communists in the State Department
McCarthy’s Downfall
-McCarthy’s downfall finally gang in October 1953, when he stared to investigate “communist infiltration into the military.”
- This was the final straw for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who realized that McCarthy’s movement needed to be stopped
- In late 1954, the Senate voted to censure him for his conduct and to strip him of his privileges.
-McCarthy died three years later from alcoholism
McCarthyism
-The practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regarded for evidence
House un-American Activities Committee HUAC – 1945 – 1975
-This organization went after directors and actors in Hollywood
-The committee believed that films were spreading communist propaganda
- They set up hearings to investigate the movie industry
- Hollywood Ten
- Each man was found guilty and sentenced to spend a year in prison and pay a $1,000 fine
US test Hydrogen Bomb – 1952
- 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb
-Set off on Bikini Island in Marshall Islands
USSR Launches Sputnik – 1957
-Russian first satellite in space
Yuri Gagarin – 1961 the first Russian in Space. Caused the US to panic
-To catch up with the space race
Francis Gary Powers Shot Down in USSR – 1960
Eisenhower Embarrassment
Khrushchev: told that he was a spy and
Berlin Wall- 1961
- People were fleeing to the West
-The Soviet Union built this wall.
-Soviet Union thought that people would choose the Soviet Union
-Brandengerg Gate and Checkpoint Charlie- was the only legal way to get the West Germany
Fidel Castro Overthrows Batista – 1958 -1959
- Allied with Soviet Union and the concerned us
Bay of Pigs 1961
-A bay in Cuba
- What was it?
- An invasion by anti-Castro Cubans to over Castro (anti-Castro Cubans left when Fidel took over. They were trained by the CIA to go back to Cuba and take over through Castro. They were promised air coverage, but then Kennedy didn’t want to give them air cover. America didn’t want to seem like we were involved with the invasion)
-Where were the results?
- The invasion failed
- How did it hurt President Kennedy?
-It embarrassment to Kennedy because people found out that America was behind it and it was like a win for the Soviet Union
Cuban Missile Crisis – October, 1962
- The Soviet Union sent missiles to Cuba for protection
- We took pictures of their missiles
-Range of Soviet Missiles Launched From Cuba
-Kennedy realized that the Soviet Union cannot have missiles in Cuba
- An option was to destroy the missile launchers and then invade
-With support of south American countries they gave permission to the US to quarantine Cuba so that they couldn’t get more missiles from the Soviet Union
-How did we get rid of the missiles?
The Compromise
-The Soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba
-The US would promise never to invade Cuba
- The US would secretly remove our nuclear missiles from Turkey within six months
-Was a win for the US
Leonid Brezhnev – 1964- 1982
- took over after
Nixon Visits China 1972 and then Moscow later in the year
Soviets Invade Afghanistan – 1979
-Afghanistan was a communist government and a different government started taking over and the communist government asked the Soviet Union to invade to keep the communist government.
Ronald Reagan Becomes President 1981
- Ran on a very strong anti- communist platform
- Soviets had just invaded Afghanistan
Yuri Andorpov – USSR Leader – 1982
Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in USSR- 1985
-brought perestroika and Glasnost
-opened the door for freedom
Berlin Wall comes Down November 9, 1989
Boris Yeltsin – president of Russia 1991- 1999
The Soviet Union broke apart and Russia is the biggest country to
Why did the US win the Cold war?
- We had close ties with our Allies and the USSR didn’t
- China started siding with us after 1972
- The Soviet economy was in shambles whereas the US’s was flourishing
-A huge deficit
- high inflation
-corruption
-Social problems
-Shortage
-The strong anti- communist presidency of Reagan
-Gorbachev’s willingness for change and reform
- Glasnost and perestroika
-admitted Soviet mistakes
-took blame for the Cold war
-communist system had failed
-allowed Eastern Europe to do what they wanted
-Arms reduction Talks
-A SALT, INF, Reagan- Gorbachev meetings
-Soviet Mistakes
- invasion of Afghanistan
-ignoring social concerns
- spent everything on military
Post – Cold War
- IN the 1990’s the world seemed to be a much more peaceful place
- We didn’t have any major threat to worry about
- President Clinton closed down numerous military bases around the country reducing the size of the US military
-9/11 caught the US off guard
Throughout the 1990’s Warsaw pact broke up and they joined NATO
Putin New leader in Russia 1999 – 2008 2012-…
Russia vs Ukraine 2014 - 2015
-Ukraine wanted to join the European Union but leader did not want to as he was Pro- Russia
-Ukrainian leaded is forced out
- Russia moves troops in the Crimean Peninsula and annexes it after Crimean voters vote to approve annexation
-The United Nations declares this act by Russia as illegal
- Russia invades Ukraine to protect pro-Russians in Ukraine
-Cease- fire was signed in February, 2015
Cease fire Signed – Minsk 2- to stop the fighting between Russia and Ukraine
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