Week of December 5th - December 9th

[4Andrea]

Monday -
Imperialism and America

• Key Terms
  • Imperialism – stronger country taking over weaker countries
  • Diplomacy – a peaceful way to solve problems though discussion
  • Militarism – the process of building up your military power
  • Nationalism – Strong pride in your country – extreme patriotism – Adolf Hitler was a huge nationalist
  • Sphere of influence – being involved in the affairs of other countries
  • Protectorate – a weaker country or nation protected by another larger country
  • Arbitration – a settlement of a dispute from a neutral third party
• Old Diplomacy “Policy of Isolationism” – 1780s-1900ish
  • Noninterventionist
    • the US did not intervene in foreign affairs, especially Europe’s
  • Isolationist
    • The US acted alone in foreign affairs as compared to working with other nations
  • Passive and Reactive
    • The US waited for events to occur and then acted accordingly
  • Weak Army and Navy
• New Diplomacy
  • Imperialistic
    • Going out and conquering territory to create an empire
  • Stronger army and Navy
  • Interventionist
    • Especially in Central and South America
    • Becoming more involved in other countries affairs
    • Monroe Doctrine
      • A warning to the European countries to stay away from the Central countries, from America
  • Strong Nationalism
    • Having strong pride and confidence in one’s country

Tuesday –

Ch. 10.1 Imperialism and America

• Which countries were the most powerful in 1900?
  • Great Britain
  • Germany
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Italy
  • Russia
  • United State
  • Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
  • Japan
  • Why did the US and other countries look to imperialism?
    • The western frontier was settled – 1890
    • Brings military power and prestige to your country
    • Naval bases and refueling stations
    • Money – For natural resources as well as opening new markets to well your goods (trade)
    • Belief in cultural superiority – White man’s burden
      • McKinley: “to take them all and educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them.”
      • Taft: We must help out “our little brown brothers” on the Philippines
      • Alaskan and Hawaii
        • Alaska bought in 1860’s 1867?
          • Oil, gold, timber, natural resources
• Hawaii
  • Started with missionaries then farmers started to take over sugar cane farms
  • Once Americans owned most of the land, Americans pushed for only landowners to be able to vote
  • American Navy took over Hawaii once Queen Lili wanted American influence to cease
  • Grover Cleveland retreated then William McKinley took it over again for good
  • Annexed Hawaii August 12, 1898

Spanish American War

• By 1900, Spain was a dwindling empire
  • Philippines, Guam, Cube, Puerto Rico, and a few colonies in Africa (Morocco and Western Sahara)
  • The US had been interested in Cuba for a long time
    • US tried to buy Cuba in 1854
    • Cubans had been revolting against Spain frequently (1868, 1878, 1886, 1895) wanting independence
    • Many felt sorry for the Cuban people
    • Causes of the Spanish American War
      • The USS Maine sinking
        • Main reason we sent the ship down to Cuba was because property issue
        • Internally combusted
        • Newspapers blamed Spain for blowing it up
        • Main reason we went to war
• The Yellow Press
  • Newspapers
  • Instigator of these issues
  • William Randolph Hearst
  • Joseph Pulitzer
  • Stretch stories to make them sound worse
  • Said Spain sunk the Maine
• Butcher Weyler and his treatment of Cubans in the concentration camps
  • Spain sent him down to Cuba to keep order
  • Put Cubans into concentration camps
• The De Lôme Letter
  • Enrique Dupay de Lôme – Spanish Ambassador to the US
  • “McKinley is weak and catering to the rabble and, besides, a low politician who desires to leave a door open to himself and to stand well with the jingos of his party
• Jose Marti’s destruction of US property in Cuba-making it look as though Spain did it
  • Cuban Nationalist
  • Would go around and destroy Americas property but made it look like Spain did it

Wednesday -

• To help the Cubans get independence
• Declaration of War and the Teller Amendment
  • April 25^th, 1898 the United States declared war on Spain
  • Teller Amendment added to the Declaration of war on Spain
    • Said America couldn’t own Cuba after the war
    • Granted Cuba independence after war
• US took other lands instead – Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.
• Fronts in the Spanish-American War
  • Philippines
  • Cuba
  • Puerto Rico
  • Emilio Aguinaldo
    • Filipino independence leader that was for America – against Spain
    • Turned against America once he realizes America is taking their country
    • Teddy Roosevelt
      • Volunteers to lead the “Rough Riders” – cowboys, college athletes, police officers, etc.
      • Went up San Juan Hill and defeated the Spanish
      • John Hay
        • “A Splendid Little War”
        • Treaty of Paris – 1898
          • Brought an official end to the war
          • Spain gave Cuba independence (kind of)
            • America has the right to have a naval base there – Guantanamo Bay
            • Us retained the right to intervene to preserve Cuban independence and Stability with the Platt Amendment
            • Platt Amendment was repealed in 1934
• US got control of the Philippines ($20 million), Guam and Puerto Rico

 

Philippine-American War

• War broke out after the Filipinos realized that the US would not give them independence
• 12,000-20,000 Filipino soldiers’ dead
• 200,000 – 1.5 million Filipino civilians die – some say genocide
• 4,165 US soldiers’ dead
• Philippines gain independence July 4^th, 1946

Open Door Policy

• China
  • By late 1800’s, China looked like it would be carved out; like Africa
  • Boxer Rebellion
    • European powers won
    • US steps in, puts together the Open Door Policy
• Open Door Policy
  • Gives China independence
  • Equal trading rights
  • Officially became law in 1920’s

Thursday –

The Roosevelt Corollary

• Addition to the Monroe Doctrine
• US would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe
• US would use force to protect interests in Latin America

Big Stick Diplomacy - Roosevelt

• “Speak softly and carry a big stick” or “Big stick” diplomacy
• Big stick represents military power
• Speak softly represents not bragging about it
• The Great White Fleet
  • White so people could see
  • Don’t mess with the US Navy

Dollar Diplomacy - Taft

• Economic Imperialism
• US banks were in control of many businesses in Latin America
• US said it was needed to keep European powers out of Latin America
• “Substituting dollars for bullets”

President Woodrow Wilson

• Ethical and religious beliefs also influenced his foreign policy
• Practiced “missionary diplomacy”
  • US would not recognize a government that was undemocratic and hostile towards the US – came to power through nefarious ways

Friday - Work Day