Week of December 5th - December 9th - Blogs

Monday -

Went over the test

Chapter 10

Key Terms:

Imperialism - strong countries taking over weaker countries
Diplomacy - a peaceful way to solve problems through discussion
Militarism - process of building up military power and being willing to use it
Nationalism - strong pride in your country
Sphere of influence - a larger area which is influenced by a stronger country
Protectorate - a weaker country/nation protected by a stronger country
Arbitration - settlement of a dispute by an impartial 3rd party

Old Diplomacy vs New Diplomacy
- Old Diplomacy
  - Had until about 1900
  - Started with George Washington
    - Stay out of foreign affairs
      - Policy of Isolation
    - Do not form alliances
  - 1. Non-interventionist
    - the US did not intervene in foreign affairs, especially Europe's
  - 2. Isolationist
    - the US acted alone in foreign affairs as compared to working with other nations
  - 3. Passive and reactive
    - the US waited for events to occur and then acted accordingly
  - 4. Weak army and navy
- New Diplomacy
  - 1. Imperialistic
    - going out and conquering territory to create an empire
    - Imperialism and America
      - imperialism became very common with the major powers of the world
      - Most powerful countries
        Great Britain
        Controlled India and some surrounding countries
        Germany
        France
        Austria-Hungary
        Italy
        Russia
        United States
        Purchased Alaska from Russia (1867)
        People thought it was stupid; it's just a chunk of ice
        Found oil, gold, many other resources
        Largest state (in actual size of land)
        Hawaii
        Missionaries in Hawaii
        Farmers began to take over the sugar industry in Hawaii
        Owned most of the land
        So powerful - got King to give only land owners the right to vote
        Queen Liliuokalani wanted to make Hawaii for the Hawaiians again
        Brings over Native Americans
        McKinley takes Hawaii
        Queen wanted no bloodshed so she told citizens to not fight
        Ottoman Empire - Turkey
        Japan
      - By 1900, Africa was almost completely colonized by Europe
    - Why did the US and other countries look to imperialism?
      - The western frontier was settled - 1890 (True to US)
      - Brings military power and prestige to your country
      - Naval bases and refueling stations
      - $$$$ - For natural resources as well as opening new markets to sell your goods (trade)
      - Belief in cultural superiority - White Man's Burden
        McKinley: "to take them all and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them."
        Taft: "We must help "our little brown brothers" on the Philippines
  - 2. Stronger army and navy
  - 3. Interventionist - especially in Central and South America
    - becoming more involved in other countries' affairs
    - Monroe Doctrine - warming to European countries to stay out of western countries by America
  - 4. Strong nationalism
    - having strong pride and confidence in one's country
War with Spain
- By 1900, Spain was a dwindling empire
  - Philippines, Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and a few colonies in Africa (Morocco and Western Sahara)
- The US had been interested in Cuba for a long time
  - US tried to buy Cuba in 18554
- Cubans had been revolting against Spain frequently (1868, 1878, 1886, 1895) wanting independence
- Many Americans truly felt sorry for the Cuban people
- Causes of Spanish-American War 1898
  - The USS Maine sinking
    - Used to protect US property
    - Yellow Press said Spain did it
      - It really wasn't, but we didn't actually knew what happened at the time
  - The Yellow Press
    - Newspapers
    - instigators of the war
    - William Randolph Hearst (famous journalists)
    - Joseph Pulitzer (famous journalists)
      - Both were imperialists so they wanted to take Cuba
    - Reason why people found out about things
    - People were demanding war
    - President might call war if people are demanding it
  - Butcher Weyler and his treatment of Cubans in the concentration camps
    - General Valeriano Weyler relocates Cubans into concentration camps
    - Newspapers nicknamed him the "butcher"
    - The Cubans were not "butchered"
      - Mistreated: lack of medical attention....
  - The De Lome Letter
    - Spanish ambassador to the US called McKinley weak and a coward
  - Jose Marti's destruction of US property in Cuba - making it look as though Spain did it
  - To help the Cubans get independence
- Declaration of War and the Teller Amendment
  - April 25, 1898, the US declared war on Spain
  - Imperialists vs. Anti-imperialsists in US
  - Teller Amendment was added to the declaration of war against Spain
  - Guaranteed Cuban independence after the war was over
- Fronts in the Spanish-American War
  - Philippines
  - Cuba
  - Puerto Rico
- Emilio Aguinaldo
  - Thought US would give them independence
  - Once we went to war, he went from our friend to our enemy
  - He was killed in war
- Rough Riders
  - Tough guys (former college athletes, police officers, cowboys, etc.)
  - Led by Roosevelt (Leonard Wood was his boss)
  - Going up San Wan Hill and defeating the Spanish
- John Hay - "A splendid little war"
  - Got some land
  - Wasn't as long
  - Wasn't much bloodshed
- Treaty of Paris - 1898
  - Brought an official end to the war
  - US gave Cuba independence (kind of - Platt Amendment - US got control of Guantanamo Bay)
  - US control of the Philippines ($20 million), Guam and Puerto Rico
Building an empire
- Puerto Rico
- Cuba
  - Platt Amendment was repealed in 1934
- Philippines
  - Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence from Spain on June 12, 1898
  - Philippine-American War
    - Broke out after Filipinos realized the US would not give them independence
    - Ended with US control over islands
    - 12,000-20,000 Filipino soldiers died
    - 200,000-1.5 million Filipino civilians died - some contend US committed genocide
    - 4,165 US soldiers died
  - July 4, 1946, Philippines gained independence
- China
  - Late 1800s, looking as if China would be carved up like Africa had been
    - China wanted to prevent this
      - The Boxer Rebellion
      - Rebelling against European powers in China
      - European powers won
      - US steps in and puts together the open door policy
        Guarantee Chinese independence
        Equal trading rights in China for all countries
        Official law in 1920s
        Japan would break treaty when they invaded China in 1930s
Big Stick Diplomacy
- Big stick represents military power
- We aren't gonna brag, but people are gonna know
- The Great White Fleet
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
- Addition to the Monroe Doctrine
- Said that the US would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe
- The US would use force to protect interests in Latin America
Dollar Diplomacy
- Economic Imperialism - taking over other country's economies
- US banks were in control of many businesses in Latin America
- US said it was needed to keep European powers out of Latin America
- "Substituting dollars for bullets"
Missionary Diplomacy
- President Woodrow Wilson's ethical and religious beliefs also influenced his foreign policy
- Practiced "missoinary diplomacy"
  - US would not recognize any government that was oppressive, undemocratic and hostile toward the US
  - Used extensively in Latin America

Tuesday - NOTES ABOVE

Wednesday - NOTES ABOVE

Thursday - NOTES ABOVE

Friday - WORK DAY

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