Week of April 10 - April 14

Hunter-Killer Convoy Groups - They would form around escort aircraft carriers that would provide air assistance to the convoy. They would try to sink the U-Boats. Corvettes, Destroyers, Destroyer Escorts, Frigates, and Cutters. 

Depth Charges - It would be forced under water and blow up the U-Boat. 7% of boats targeted were sunk.

Hedgehog - A lot of little bombs/charges instead of one huge one. 25% of boats targeted were sunk.

Allied intelligence - Churchill and Roosevelt know the importance of intelligence in safeguarding Allied commerce to defeat the Axis powers. The Allies shared information from RADAR and High Frequency Radio Direction Finding (Huff Duff). Ultra was used to break the code of the Germans and Magic was used to break the code of the Japanese.

Enigma - System in which Germany transferred their information through codes. Solving Enigma system is one of the great Allied triumphs. This helped to destroy more U-Boats. 

Bombe - Early computer that helped crack the system. 

D-Day Blimps - The blimps had huge cables that would give the aircraft cover.

D-Day - Stands for the day of days. 156,000 Allied troops from the United states, the United Kingdom, Canada, Free France, and Norway. Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword. Omaha was the costliest beach in Allied casualties. By June 11, the beachheads firmly secured. Paris was liberated on August 25. Germany surrendered on May 8. 1945. 

Battle of the Bulge - The coldest snowiest weather in the Ardennes Forest on the German/Belgium border. 81,000 Americans died. The Malmedy Massacre, where 86 Americans were killed after they had surrendered. 

Yalta Conference Feb, 1945 - Before the end of WWII, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met at Yalta, USSR to plan what should happen when the war ended. 

They established the United Nations. 

Germany was divided into four zones (French, American, British, and Soviet)

Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe. 

USSR promised to join the war against Japan. 

Women in WWII - Rosie the Riveter represented women workers in WWII. 

Iva Toguri (Tokyo Rose) - Forced to broadcast propaganda to the allied troops for Japan. In these radio programs, she taunted the troops and played music from home. She was a US citizen in Japan. Convicted of treason.

Native Americans-Navajo Code Talkers - Used the Navajo language to talk in code and it was never broken. 

African-Americans in WWII - They were seen as unfit to fight. They were not allowed to fight at first. Eventually they were allowed to go to Italy and bomb them.

Hollywood in WWII - Propaganda. Casablanca, Purple Heart. Bob Hope and the USO (United Service Organizations) Tour. Bing Crosby was another entertainer. John Wayne was an actor during the WWII time period.

USO - Would go around and entertain the soldiers.

Kilroy Engraving - an engraving that started to appear everywhere and there is one on the WWII memorial in DC.

OPA and Rationing - The Office of Price Administration was established in 1941 to control the prices of goods. Food rationing included restrictions on sugar and meat; clothing rationing restricted silk and nylon. Gasoline rationing began in May of 1942 - five gallons per week. Gas rationing was about saving rubber, not gas. A black market developed in stolen/counterfeit stickers that were used in up to 30% of gasoline sales. People were arrested for using fake stickers, 4000 gas stations closed. Horse meat became more common because it was not rationed.

Sticker - They would have a sticker on the windshield. The "A" sticker was the most common of the WWII gas ration stickers. 3 gallons per week. "B" sticker was for business owners and they could get 8 gallons per week. "C" sticker was for more important people or people who took a lot of people. "M" sticker was for motorcycle. "T" sticker was for truck drivers. "X" sticker was issued to special cases for high mileage type jobs. 

War Production Board - Made sure that the production in the United States was very high. 

War Finance Committee and War Bonds - Over the course of the war, 85 million Americans purchased bonds totaling approximately $185 billion. As low as $18.75 per bond. Government payed back $25 later. 

Japanese Internment Camp - Japanese were forced to leave their homes, they were forced to sell everything that they could not fit in a suitcase. 

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