Groups Presented, My group presented on friday
Militarism
Imerpialism
Nationalism
Economic Competition
System of Alliances
Great Britain war strategy
300,000 men signed up
reinforced with 5 divisions, artillery machine guns and rifle fire, infantry units
maneuvered forward in column and deployed in line for firing
bayonet grenade used to clear out trenches
lewis’ light machine gun
german emperor Kaiser Wilhelm
he ordered “exterminate... the treacherous english and walk over general frenchs contemptible little army”
britain managed to stop the germans from advancing, kept growing their armies with the French
battalion form 10 waves with 100 yards between each
first 6 waves were the fighting elements
schlieffen plan was germany strategic plan. It was basically a sneak attack to sneak up on the enemy.
Allied powers(triple entity)great britain france, and russia
portugal, japan, italy, associated powers
central : germany austria hungary, ottoman empire, bulgaria
40 countries
albania, arabia, azerbaijan, peru
1908 austria hungary annexed the twin balkan provinces of bosnia herzogovina, which angered serbia and russia
1914 serbian nationalist gavrilo princip killed arch duke fernidad with weapons supplied by a servian terrorist organization
austria hungary delivered an ultimatum to the serbian government
take steps to wipe out terrorist organizations with its borders
austria hungary required germanys help to back up its words with force.
vienna had germanys full supports
goals: septemberprogramm-bethmann Hollweg
annexation of territory in france
german economic and political domination of central europe
created german empire
Russia-allied powers
began moving towards mobilization of its army
austria hungary declared war on servia on July 28
on august 1 germany declared war on Russia
Goals:
eliminate germany as a competitor
gain control of the bosphorus
unite with the slavic states and minoritites of the balkans to lead to a more powerful influential russia
Russia entered into an alliance with france and great britian
angry over german annexation of their lands in the aftermath of the franco prussian war in 1870-1871
The german army launched its attack on France, passing through belgium
Goals: plan XVII
recapture alsace-lorraine
weaken german industrial power and become the dominant continental power
Von Schlieffen plan germany went through belgium to capture paris france, but it failed
August 4, 1914
Great Britain Allied powers
Reasons why: they needed help to protect belgium and were bound by treaties to help
Goals: Protect belgium and france
they were bound by treaties to help protect france and belgium
abate the german threat
they felt threatened by germany
maintain superpower status an number on nation
britains position as the biggest superpower was in the balance of the war
United States Allied powers
april 6, 1917
Goals: WIlson 14 points
an end to all economic barriers between countries
countries to reduce weapon numbers
the german army is to be removed from russia
russia should be left to develop her own political setup
Reasons why: Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare
us business interests
zimmerman note
american and british propaganda
Japan allied powers
august 23, 1914
Reasons why:japan saw the war as an opportunity to seize germanys pacific colonies and gain control over its chinese concessions. they were not treaty bound to fight but they readily joined war to gain land
War bonds
Also known as liberty bonds are debt securities issued by a government finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war.
the bonds also remove money from circulation and thus also help to control inflations
war bonds were a loan to the government to help finance the war
Battle of Isonzo
Preface- Italy had an alliance with germany during ww1 and chose to neutral at the start of the war allied powers pushed them out of neutrality by bribing them with promises of land and money
austro hungarian and italian armies
slovenia and the remainder in italy along with the isonzo rivewr on the stream
12 battles
1-2 months
200,000 austro hungarians
300,000 italians
1.2 million overall
Battle of Marne
September 6, 1914
the french commander joffre stopped the germans from winning the war by using a counterattack that split the german army in two and forced a retreat
Around 500,000 soldiers lost their lives in the first battle
as the germans retreated they followed along the marne river
“race to the sea”
Battle of ypres
first one was on october 19th 1914 near the belgian city of ypres
ypres near the marne river which led into the english channel
second battle began april 22nd 1915, only major german attack of that year
germans launched over 150 tons of lethal chlorine gas against two french colonies
third battle was fought during july 1917, known as passchendaele and it was an attempt to remove the germans from the high ground around ypres
battle of verdun
battle began on february 21st 1916, gneral falkenhayn of the german army led the germans to attack verdun
battle ended with no clear winner, 500,000 french casualties and 450,000 german casualties
battle of amiens
amiens was not a specific group of battles but another name for the 2nd battle of the marne
the major point of amiens was the allies breaking through the german front lines
this caused german moral to fall
eventually the germans asked for an armistice on november 11th 1918
german spring offensive
was a compilation of miltiple german attacks in the western front
germany realized that they needed to attack and achieve victory over before americans could deploy its overwhelming amount of resources
4 main offensives- michael, georgette, gneisenay and blucher-yorck
Comments
This should have been posted during the specific week it represents.