Monday- WWII movie reviews.
Italy's WWII Story Benito Mussolini-II Duce 1919-1945
Tuesday-
Italy After WWI- Italy was very displeased with the Treaty of Versailles. Wanted to get more land, but didn't get very much. Italy joined the League of Nations and was a member from 1919 until they withdrew in 1937.
5 Power Pact- Signed by Great Britain, The U.S., Japan, France, and Italy. Designed to prevent an arm's race. It limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers, and aircraft carriers. Did not restrict cruisers, destroyers, or submarines.
9 Power Pact- Guaranteed Chines Independence and upheld the Open Door Policy. Signed by the United States, Japan, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal.
Kellogg-Briand Pact- Countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes. Gave people a false sense of security. In 1939 it blew up in everyone's faces.
March on Rome- October-1922- A march by Benito Mussolini's national Fascist Party. Mussolini and Fascists won and took over Italy.
King Victor Emmanuel- Did not fight Mussolini's take over in Italy. Wanted to avoid a civil war and also wanted to keep communists out of Italy. Saw Mussolini as the person that could do these things. Didn't love Mussolini's tactics, but saw him as the guy that would save Italy.
Mussolini and the Catholic Church- In 1929 the Lateran Accords were signed. Gave the Vatican specific territories in Rome. Catholicism became the state of religion. Separation of church and state was stopped. Pope was stronger than kings. Recognition of religious marriages for the first time since 1870. Catholic church was given a lot of money. What did Mussolini get? Official support of the Catholic Church
Established Fascism in Italy- A government led by a strong dictator. Stresses strong nationalism, militarism and imperialism. Uses intimidation to get what they want. "All within the state, nothing outside the sate, nothing against the state."- Benito Mussolini
Wednesday-
Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1935- Italy lost it's Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adwa. One of the worst Colonial disaster of modern history. In 1935, Italy send large forces into Ethiopia.
Italy/Ethiopia Invasion- Nov. 18, 1935 league of Nations sanctions begin. Arms embargo, financial embargo, non-importation of Italian goods. Feb. 29, 1936, FDR signed the 1936 Neutrality Act. !. Mandatory arms embargo with warring nations. 2. Mandatory ban on loans to warring nations. May 5- Italy occupied Addis Ababa- annexed all Ethiopia. May 9.
Generalissimo Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War-1936- Hitler and Mussolini send troops and weapons to help Franco win the Civil War against the communists. This war served as an important training ground for Hitler's and Mussolini's troops.
Italy's Goals in WWII- Make a new Roman Empire. Old Roman Empire-96 AD. Make the Mediterranean an "Italian Lake" Take over northern African colonies of Britain and France-especially Egypt. Take over southeastern Europe-Greece and Albania. Take over parts of the Middle East.
Operation Avalance- U.S. invaded Italy. The Italian government collapsed and they became allies with us, Germany came in and controlled a good chunk of the northern part. Mussolini & his Mistress Claretta Petacci are hanged on Milan, 1945
Italy and the Holocaust- In 1938 Mussolini instituted laws discriminating the Jews. 46,000 Jews in Italy at the time. After the Fascist Government fell when the US invaded (1943), the Germans moved in and took control and started shipping Jews to camps outside of Italy.
Why did Italy lose- Italy was not prepared militarily to fight a prolonged war. Germany had to constantly bail Italy out. Italian troops were spread to thin-Africa Mediterranean, Albania, Greece, Soviet, Union,France, Battle of Britain. The people of Italy were not prepared to fight or motivate. Overall weak.
Impact WWII Had on Italy- 410,000 dead-- 330,000 Military deaths. Spent $94 billion. Italy had joined the Allies by 1943 so the big concern fro the US was making sure Italy became a democracy after the war and not fall to communism. US gave millions of dollars to Italy (Marshall Plan) to help rebuild after the war. Became a member of NATO in 1949. North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Thursday-
Japan WWI 1942 - Pearl Harbor, Killing of Chinese. Death Camps. Treatment of Women. Battle of midway. Demolished them at midway island. Soviet Union started turning around.
Areas controlled by Japan during WWII- Several regions in China. French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos). Hong Kong (UK) Thailand- as an 'allied' state although induced. British New Guinea. Philippines(USA). Guam(USA) Dutch East Indies Portuguese Timor Malay (UK. Andaman and Nicobar Straits Settlements(Singapore) Kingdom of Sarawak(UK) Brunei(UK) North Borneo(UK) Nauru Imphal(India) Wake Island(USA) Gilbert and Ellice Islands(UK) Christmas Island(Australasia) Attu and Kiska Islands(Alaska)
Very active in the early parts of the war, pretty much unbeatable. Doolittle's raid.
Pearl Harbor happened because we cut off their oil supply, so they attacked us so we would traid with them again.
Japan in the 1920's- Joined the League of Nations. Signed the 4, 5 and 9 power pacts. See Italy notes. 4 Power Pact- US, GB, France and Japan would respect each other's possessions in the pacific. Japan signs all of these. Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
Japanese Invasion of Manchuria-1931- Japan needed raw materials especially iron, coal, hydro electric, Bauxite. Manchuria had these things, and so they invaded them. Leag of nations condemns actions.
Friday- No school
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