week 27-31

- Forum post leaders

- Chapter 10.3: Acquiring new lands

- Puerto Rico : controled by spain since colombus for 400 years but in 1898 given to the us after the spanish american war.

Puerto ricans were granted us citizenship in 1917. Commonwealth

3 options : CW, state, indep.

-         1902 : teller amendment : promise independence to cuba.

Platt Amendment: us retained the right to intervene, naval base, no debt for cuba.

McKinley is using religion to justify their actions in Philippines

Emilio Aguinaldo: first ally with us then against 

-         Philippine American war; happened when the Filipinos realized that the us would not give them independence.

12,000-20,000 dead Filipino soldiers and 200,000- 1, 5 million civilians died. US commited genocide

 

-         China:

Late 1800: poor, carved up as Africa

The boxer rebellion: killed Europeans in China.

John Hay: open door policy. China should remain independent and open for trade for all countries.

Semester ? : describe us foreign policy in late 1800 and early 1900 + examples :

-         New diplomacy (nationalism, imperialism and strong army and navy)

-         Monroe doctrine+ roosevelt corollary

-         Open door policy

-         War with spain

-         Big stick diplomacy (Roosevelt)

-         Dollar diplomacy

 

-         Teddy Roosevelt : Harvard univ, rich family, civil service commission (>< corruption in gov), NYPD commissioner, secretary of the navy, NY governor, NY state senate, wrote books, cowboy, vice pres, pres after McKinley was killed. Trustbuster. Great speaker.

-         Russo-american war :1904-1905

Japan shocked the world by defeating Russia

Emergence of japan as a world power

Roosevelt won the nobel peace prize by establishing the peace between japan and Russia

-         The Panama Canal :

Faster way to travel by sea

France started to build a canal but gave up due to costs and diseases

1903 : us bought it for $40 million and asked permission to Columbia which was controlling Panama. Columbia refused so panama, with the support of the us, revolted against Columbia. November 1903 : panama declared indep.

$10 millions to panama from the us + annual rent

One of the biggest engineering undertakings ever

Fellow fever and malaria, accidents

Soft, volcanic soil made it difficult to remove

43 000 workers and 5600 died during the construction

Cost $380 million only for construction

Opened on august 15 1914

-         The Roosevelt corollary : addition to the Monroe doctrine (stay out of the south America)

Said that us would be the police officer between latin America and Europe. Us would us force to protect interests in Latin America.

Big stick diplomacy: big stick = military

Getting countries to do what Roosevelt wanted simply because of his military power.

Pres more powerful than congress

-         Dollar Diplomacy – President Taft :

Economic imperialism

Used the gov to guarantee loans to foreign countries by us banks. Controlling their economy, taking over businesses, transportations systems,

Us banked controlled many businesses in Latin America  (+sphere of influence)

Kept Europe  out of L Am

“substituting dollars for bullet”  investing in countries and then taking over businesses instead of military power

-         Pres Woodrow Wilson

Progressive, ethical and religious beliefs influenced his foreign policy.

Missionary diplomacy

Us would not recognize any gov that was oppressive, undemocratic, and hostile towards US

-         Mexican Revolution:

1910-1920

Constant changes : gov, leaders (-) rulers were killed.

Mexico- border war: general Victoriano Huerta killed the previous leader and took his place. Wilson refused to recognize a gov of butchers.

Us took over the Mexican port of Veracruz after Huerta arrested American sailors

Huert’s gov collapsed and Carranza became president. Wilson recognized his government.

-         Pancho Villa- Mexican expedition 1916-1917

Villa was pro American at first but changed after pres Carranza asked us to control Mexican mines.

Villa killed dozens of us citizens and pres Wilson send troops to go into mexico and capture Villa.

Others problems so both sides backed down

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