May 8- May 12

May 8 (Monday)- Work day

May 9 (Tuesday)- Continued presentations

May 10 (Wednesday)- No school

May 11 (Thursday)- Work day

May 12 (Friday)- Continued presentations

Aftermath of Mobutu

Tutsi and anti Mobutu rebels capture Kinshasa
Zaire is the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Laurent Kabila installed as president
Rebels from Uganda and Rwanda fight against Kabila
East DRC is taken over
Angolese and Zimbabwe helps

Lusaka Peace Accord Signed

African countries sign ceasefire accord in Lusaka. MLC and RCD sign as well
UN Peace Council authorizes 5,500 UN forces to monitor ceasefire
Fighting still continues

Congo Today

Poaching
Ivory
Famine/Diseases
Military control

Brazil

Basic Facts
5th largest country in the world
Largest country in South America
Population: 207.8
Capital: Brasilia
Government: Federal presidential constitutional republic
President: Michel Temer
Official Language; Portuguese
Major Cities: Sao Paulo, Rio De Janeiro, Salvador, Fortaleza

Events that shaped Brazil

1. The Portuguese arrive in Brazil

Cabral was sponsored by King of Portugal
1500
Spotted land
Sailed North for 3 days
Stayed for 8 days

2. Brazil breaks ties with Portugal

Portugal requested King Don Joao VI return to Portugal from Brazil
King left Brazil in the hands of his son
General Jorge Avilez forced Dom Pedro to banish some of his most loyal men
Leaders in Portugal stripped Pedro of his powers, making him nothing more than the governor of Rio de Janeiro
Brazilians were outraged at this
Portugal leaders continued to humiliate Dom Pedro and his loyalty soon shifted to the Brazilians

Dom Pedro banished Jorge and pledged his loyalty to Brazil
He soon broke all ties with Portugal and ordered Brazilians to remove their blue and white armbands (symbolized Portugal)

The official breaking of ties occurred when Dom wrote a letter to his father
Soon after, Prince Pedro was named Constitutional Emperor and Perpetul Defender of Brazil

Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca led the group that proclaimed the BraZilian republic overthrowing the Empire of Brazil and ending the reign of Pedro II

3. Getulio Vargas is elected

"Father of the Poor"
Served as president 1930-1945 and 1951- 1954
Modernized the country- Social and economically
Forced to leave

4. New constitution

Vrgas is overthrown
Gaspar Dutra takes office
1946 Constitution restored several liberties from the 1934 Constitution that were revoked by Vargas
Liberties include
- All equal before the law
- Women's suffrage
- Freedom of expression/association

5. Capital is moved

Rio de Janeiro was overcrowded
Brasilia built in 1961
Rapid growth

6. Military leaders take control of the government before restoring power back to the people

Due to several political struggles and lack of capable civilian politicians, the military took control of the government
Marshal Humberto Castelo Branco became president without election
3 years later, Artur da Costa e Silva was elected
During his presidency
After the death of Costa e Silva, Medici was elected
He had several diplomats kidnapped, including the U.S ambassabor
Last of military president, Figueiredo was elected with intent of turning Brazil into a democracy again
After successful presidency he was forced to leave the country for heart surgery
Brazilians took to the streets shouting direct vote

7. The constituent assembly ensures a wide distribution

Presidential and Federal Republic
Executive Branch
- President
Legislative Branch
Chamber of duties
Judicial Branch
- Supreme Court
Gave power
- State
- Municipal governments

8. President elected by direct election

1989
Fernando Collor de Mello
Economic decline, staggering foreign debt, and hyperinflation worsened
Accused of corruption
Resigned in 1992

9. Brazil is crowned (soccer)

1958
1962
1970
1994
2000

Very popular

10. First woman president

2010 Dilma Rousseff v. Jose Serra
Sworn in January 1, 2011
Good agenda
- Maintain economic stability
- Eradicate poverty
- Political and tax reform
Believed that she was involved in major money scandal and protested

2016 Rio Olympics

Amazon Rain Forest

Panama

Connects North America and South America

Background

Republic of Panama
Capital is Panama city
Population: 3.929 million
It's linking central and south America together

President

Juan Carlos Varela
Since July 1, 2014

Native Tribes

Kuna
Dakota
Bocas Del Toro

Panama Canal

Took over 10 years and $400 million check
Roughtly 30,000,000 pounds of exlosives to clear the way for the canal
48 miles in length
1914

Why was it Built?

President Theodore Roosevelt wanted a trans=isthmian canal so that the US and other countries to ship goods quicker around Central America

1502

Christopher Columbus sails his 4th voyage across the ocean to Panama

1600's

Panama City was destroyed by Henry Morgan
City bounced back quickly

1800's

King of Spain by Napoleon
Panama becomes independent of Spain
Joins the confederacy (Colombia, Venezuela, Euador, Peru, and Bolivia
Building of the railway which was 1st transcontinental railway of the New World crossing Isthmus from Colon to Panama city
France tried but failled to build a canal to link the Atlantic with Pacific
France given permit to build a canal across Panama firs they have to come up with a plan

1900's

Panama splits from Columbia and becomes fully independent
US buys rights to build panama canal
Official opening of the Panama Canal
Panama ceases to be a US protectant
Bridge of the Americas opened

2000's

January 1st the control of the Canal passes from USA to Panama by the Torrijos-Carter treaty

Bridge of the Americas

Spans across Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal
5,425 feet long
201 feet above the water with high tide

Torrinos-Carter Treaty

September 7, 1977
Officially called the Treaty Concerning the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal
Treaty was guaranteed that Panama would have full control over the Panama Canal by 1999
Treaty was named after President Jimmy Carter and the commander from Panama's national gurd General Omar Torrijos
Finally passed January 1, 2000

Blogs

May 8- May 12

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