May 15 - 19 - Blogs - History 360

Monday- Germany

15th Century
- Martin Luther
  - 1400-1500s
  - Very smart: reading, writing, Latin, arithmetic, astronomy, geometry, and philosophy
  - His dad wanted him to be a lawyer
  - He was caught in a violent thunderstorm and prayed to Jesus
  - Became a monk
  - 95 Theses
    - "Bible is central religious authority"
    - "Humans may reach salvation only by faith and no their deeds"
  - Started the Protestant Reformation
  - Changed the course of religious history
  - Pope condemned Luther's writings
  - Pope Leo excommunicated him from the Catholic Church
16th Century
- Peace of Augsburg
  - 1555
  - Treaty between Charles V (Emperor) and Schmalkaldic League
  - Ended the religious struggle
  - Made the legal division of Christendom
  - Allowed rulers to choose Lutheran or Catholic
17th Century
- 30 Years War
  - 1618-1648
  - Sweden, France, Spain, and Austria
  - Ferdinand II attempted to take away religious activities
  - Created rebellion from the Protestants
  - Ended with a bunch of treaties that make up the Peace of Westphalia
18th Century
- Frederick the Great
  - 1712-1786
  - Also called Frederick II
  - When he was old enough, his dad forced him into the army
  - Prussia's king from 1740-1786
  - Inherited the throne from his dad
  - Established a strong military power
  - Gained control of Silesia, which started the 7 Years War
  - Went back and forth between loss and gain of land
  - Did not gain land but the ending treaty allowed him to do so
- Ludwig van Beethoven
  - 1700s-1800s
  - German composer
  - Musical figure
  - Was deaf
  - Music ran in his family, his father and grandfather were composers and musicians
- 7 Years War
  - 1756-1763
  - French Revolution
19th Century
- Treaty of Berlin
  - July 13, 1878
  - Signed by
    - United Kingdom
    - Austria-Hungary
    - French Third Republic
    - German Empire
    - Kingdom of Italy
    - Russian Empire
    - Ottoman Empire
  - Granted independence to the former Ottoman territories:
    - Romania
    - Serbia
    - Montenegro
20th Century
- Adolf Hitler
  - Alois and Klara Hitler
  - 5 siblings
  - 1 sibling survived into adulthood
  - Dad was abusive and angry
  - Father passed away and mother died of breast cancer before he was 20
  - Tried to get into Vienna Academy of Fine Arts
  - During his homeless times, he became infatuated with politics
  - He volunteered for WWI
  - When the war ended, Hitler grew a hatred for the Jews
  - Unsatisfied with results from WWI
  - Sent his troops into Poland
  - Pearl Harbor sent United States into war
  - Concentration camps- Holocaust
  - To avoid arrest and blame of the war, he committed suicide
- Splitting
  - Germany was broken into Soviet, American, British, and French zones
  - City of Berlin was split
- Berlin Wall
  - US helped with the Berlin Airlift (bring food and fuel to Berlin)
  - It was unclear who would control Germany
  - Berlin Airlift started the Cold War
  - Ended in 1949 but started back up in 1958
  - Separated into East and West Germany
  - There were checkpoints in the wall to cross the border
  - The wall was 12 feet tall and 4 feet wide
  - On November 9, 1989, during the Cold War, the head of the East Communist Party announced that German citizens could cross the border whenever
- Reunification
  - End of the Cold War
  - Within a year after the wall came down, East and West officials began to think about possible reunification
- Treaty of Versailles
  - Signed on June 28, 1919
  - Signed in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles in France
  - Effective January 10, 1920
  - Ratified by Germany and four principal allied powers
  - Ended the state of war between Germany and the allied powers
  - Most important Treaty that brought WWI to an end
  - Main powers: United States, France, Japan, Italy, British Empire
  - Central Powers: Germany
- World War I
  - 1914-1918
  - Formed new countries in Europe and the Middle East
  - Establish the League of Nations
  - Trench Warfare began in 1916

Tuesday-Germany (continued)

- German Revolution
  - 1918-1919
  - War was finally coming to an end
  - "Ripe for a revolution"
  - Ended the first World War
  - Established the Weimar Republic
- World War II
  - 1939-1945
  - Ended in an Allied Victory
  - Resulted in the collapse of Nazi Germany
  - Beginning of the Cold War
  - Creation of the United Nations
  - Deaths
    - Axis: 12,000,000
    - Allied: 61,000,000
- Treaty of Rapallo
  - April 16, 1922
  - Germany and Soviet Union
  - Re-established normal relations between the nations
  - Angered Western allies
21st Century
- Migrants from Middle East
  - More than 1 million migrants and refugees cross into Europe in 2015
  - Majority crossed by sea, others by land
  - Conflict in Syria (Civil War) is the biggest reason that migrants are coming over
- ISIS
  - Truck assault in Berlin, Germany, believed to be people from ISIS
  - 12 people died, 48 were injured
  - Crashed into a Christmas market

Wednesday-

Thursday-

Friday-Semester Test Day

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