Monday- Great Britain
- End of WW1-
- Planned to never fight again
- League of Nations
- Signed the pact with Poland to help each other if they get attacked
- Part of the Washington naval conference
- Beginning of WW2-
- Sep. 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland
- Neville Chamberlain-
- Prime Minister during ww1
- Wanted Peace
- Resigned in May 1940
- Died from cancer in November 1940
- Came up with the policy of appeasement
- Winston Churchill-
- Grew up in Dublin, Ireland
- Joined army then started working at a newspaper
- Prime Minister
- Tried to warn people of Hitler
- Died at age 90
- Nov. 30th 1974-Jan. 24th, 1965
- Defeated Axis powers and crafted war peace
- After breakdown of alliance he alerted the west expansion threat of the Soviets
- Clement Attlee-
- Born in 1883
- During the war, part of British Cabinet (1940-42)
- Prime Minister at end of WW2 (1942-45)
- War Goals-
- Focus to take out Germany then Japan
- Total Casualties-
- Military- 403,000
- Civilians- 92,700
- Impacts on the Homefront-
- 360,000 servicemen and civilians died
- German bombs destroyed many cities
- Severe cutbacks in trade
- Rationing of food
- Kids on the Homefront-
- Kids labeled as luggage and separated from parents
- Moved to country side due to all the bombings in the city
- Battle Stategies-
- Battle of Britain
- Air Force took out many Germans
- Great Britain had radar to detect the bombers coming in, also had ultra to intercept the German code and decipher it
- Planned huge bombing on France to destroy main force of German Army
- Major Battles-
- Battle of Britain
- July 10, 1940-October 31,1940
- 1,7000 Luftwaffe planes destroyed
- Used to bomb Great Britain
- Luftwaffe never recovered
- Hitler wanted to bomb Britain and take over
- D-Day invasion
- Landed in Normandy, France, June 6th, 1944
- Allied invasion of Europe
- People/Generals with major impact
- British General-
- Bernard Montgomery
- ranked as the field marshal
- In command of all allied ground forces during Operation overlord
- Why the Allies won the war-
- War production was the key to winning
- Rocket launchers, jet engines, assault boats and moret
- Scientists produced large amounts of penicillin
- Ultra- cracked German code
- US was a Allie
- Great Britain fought in North Africa agents Italy and Germany
- US Presentation-
- Major Events-
- Pearl Harbor (Dec 7, 1941)
- Hiroshima and Nagasaki
- Home front-
- Factories switched to military products
- Women started to work (such as Rosie the riveter)
- Food rationing (help our soldiers over in Europe win the war by having enough food each night)
- War bonds (used these to gather money to support the war costs and build more equipment)
- Japanese Americans (put into camps so that we could watch them and make sure they didn't attack us with in the United States)
- Basic Facts-
- War Goals- Wanted peace, free elections, joined U.N.
- Cost- For the U.S. was 296 billion
- Allies- Main allies Great Britain, Russia, and France
- Casualties-
- around 420,000 military deaths
- Why the US won the war-
- Germany invading the Soviet Union
- Battle of Normandy
- Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
- More Resources
- Magic- Broke and receive coded messages from the Germans telling us where they were
- Navajo code talkers- wrote and received codes that no one could understand, so the Germans could attack us
- Operation Overlord-
- Started- June 6th, 1944
- 1,200 plane assault
- followed by amphibious assault
- 160,000 troops
- Battle of the Bulge-
- 1944
- Hitler wanted to split the allied armies in the northwest
- Germany most desperate attempt of the war
- Americans fought desperately to fend off troops
- Americans in the end did win the battle, but with a cost
- Pearl Harbor-
- December 7th, 1941
- Naval base near Honolulu Hawaii
- Aerial Assault on American troops
- Led the US to go into war with Japan
- Battle of Okinawa-
- April 1 - June 22nd
- Largest and last battle of the Pacific
- Casualties- Allies 65,000
- Japan- 75,000
- Battle of Iwo Jima-
- February of 1945- took around a month
- Needed a base near the Japanese coast
- Japanese defenses- AA guns, dugouts, cave systems, underground installations
- Large amphibious assault
- Battle Strategies-
- Island Hopping (jumping from island to island taking it and getting closer to Japan to try to attack its homeland)
- Attacking weaker points of Europe first
- Placing an embargo on all trade with Japan
- Impact on the Country-
- Money was in surplus and people were spending a lot of it
- More women began to work
- Arms race really began
- America became a superpower
- Important Leaders-
- FDR- president during ww2
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- George Marshall
- George S. Patton
- FDR-
- US president
- Declared war on Japan
- Increased support of Great Britain
- Declared the Four Freedoms- speech, expression, religion, and to want and fear
- Eisenhower-
- Stationed in the Philippines
- Retruned after Nazis invaded Poland
- 1941 became a General
- Headed operation Torch- North Africa
- Led operation Overlord
- Directed invasions in Sicily, and the Italian mainland- led to the fall of Rome in 1944
- George Marshall-
- Was Chief of Staff
- Planned many invasions of ww2
- Was not allowed to command Normandy invasion
- Control of the Atlantic- Mid 1943
- Patton-
- Given command of 1st and 2nd armoured divisions
- Organized training in the California Desert
- Won first American victory against the Nazi troops in the battle of El Guettar
- Turned over command in North Africa to Gen. Bradley
- Led army across Rhine River into Germany
- How ww2 impacted the US
- World leader
- Military Power
- Women kept jobs
- Unemployment dropped
- Living standard
- Marshal Plan recover after the war
- cold war started with Russia
- US after WW1-
- US never signed the Treaty of Versailles
- Wilson vs Congress
- Join the League of nations or go back to isolationism
- Republican Warren Harding won the 1920 Presidential election with a promise to "return to normalcy"
- The US went back to focusing on America in the 1920's and 1930's
- Neutrality in General-
- the neutrality acts were passed by the US in the 1930's in response to the issues in Europe and Asia that eventually led to WW2
- They were caused by the desire to be isolationist in the US following ww1
- Passed to ensure the US would not become involved in world conflicts
- Signed on August 31, 1935
- It was designed to last six months
- Banned US trade of arms and war materials with any country at war
- It also declared that US citizens traveling on warring ships traveled at their own risk
- Signed in February, 1936
- Renewed the provisions of the 1935 act for another 14 months
- It also forbade all loans or credits to belligerents
- May, 1937
- Set to expire after two years
- Included the provisions of the earlier acts this time without expiration date
- This time is also included civil wars
- US ships were prohibited from transporting any passengers or items to belligerents
- US citizens were forbidden from traveling on ships of belligerent nations
- A "cash and carry" system was set up
- Quarantine Speech- 1937
- Speech was given after Japan invaded china and how we should trap these nations
- Passed in November 1939
- Allowed for arms trade with country's at war on a cash and carry system
- US citizens and ships were barred from entering war zones designated by the President
- Lend Lease Act-
- The end of neutrality for US came with the Lend Lease Act
- Passed in March, 1941
- The act allowed the US to sell, lend or give war materials to nations the US wanted to support
- US gave 50 billion to allied nations throughout the war
- German U-Boats-
- After repeated attacks by German U-boats on US ships in the Fall of 1941, FDR announced that he had ordered the US navy to attack German and Italian war ships in the waters which we deem necessary for our defense
- Bases for destroyers-
- Passed in September, 1940 between the US and Great Britain
- Fifty US destroyers were given to Great Britain in exchange for land rights on British colonies for naval or air base purposes
- Newfoundland, eastern side of Bahamas, southern coast of Jamaica, western coast of St. Lucia, west coast of Trinidad, Antigua, British Guiana and Bermuda were the areas the US revived from giving the destroyers to Great Britain
- Selective Training and Service Act-
- Passed in September, 1940 and ended in 1947
- Required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register for the draft
- Extended to all men aged 18 and 45 once US entered war
- First peacetime draft in US history
- How did the Draft work-
- Local draft boards were set up from coast to coast
- Each male registered was given a number between 1-7,836
- In Washington, papers with the numbers 1 through 7,836 printed on them were put into a capsules, one number to a capsule
- Capsules put into a fish bowl and then drawn out
- If your number was chosen, you were now officially in the US military
- Atlantic Charter-
- Signed in August 1941 between the US and Great Britain
- Defined the Allied goals for the post war world
- Many similarities to Wilson's 14 points
- WW2 Major Battle Timeline VS Japan-
- Pearl Harbor- December 7th 1941
- Battle of the Philippines 1942 and 1944
- Doolittle's Raid April 1942
- Battle of the Coral Sea- May 1942
- Battle of Midway- June, 1942
- Battle of Guadalcanal- 1942-43
- Battle of Saipan- 1944
- Battle of Guam- 1944
- Battle of Iwo Jima- 1945
- Battle of Okinawa- 1945
- Hiroshima/Nagasaki Bombing- August, 1945
- Potsdam Conference- July, 1945-
- On July 26, the United States, Great Britain, and China issue the Potsdam treaty
- Dismantle the current government of Japan
- The allies will occupy Japan
- Japan will consist only of the major islands, It will lose all territory gained in WW2 and years after
- Democracy will be promoted as well as Freedom of speech, religion, and of thought, as well as respect for fundamental human rights
- Will be allowed to have industry, but can't focus on military equipment
- Battle of the Atlantic- 1941-45-
- We were trying to take control of the waters so that we could get the upper hand on Germany and finish them off
- Operation Torch (Invasion of Morocco)- 1942
- Operation Avalanche( Invasion of Italy)- 1943
- Yalta Conference Feb. 1945-
- Before the end of the ww2 Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met at Yalta, USSR to plan what should happen when the war ended
- The establishment of the United Nations
- Germany to be divided into four zones
- Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe
- Russia promised to join the war against Japan
- May 8th 1945 V-E day
- April 1945 was when Truman was put into office
- WASP-Women's Army Service Pilots-
- They would test new airplanes
- Try new ones
- Work on the planes
- Tokyo Rose-
- Forced to broadcast propaganda to allied troops for Japan
- In these radio programs, she taunted the troops and played music from home
- She was a US citizen
- African Americans in ww2-
- segregation all black units
- They did very successful in ww2
- Hollywood in WW2-
- make movies about the battles and to try to get peoples moral up
- before every movie in the theaters there were news reals about the war
- Bob Hope and the USO tour entertained the troops during ww2 and Vietnam
- OPA-
- established to help with the rationing of food during ww2
- established in 1941
- By the end of 1942, half of the nation's automobiles were issued an A sticker, allowing 4 gallons per week
- War Production Board-
- Encouraging factory to ramp up production
Tuesday- Finish the United States presentation
Wednesday- US notes
Thursday- Notes
Friday- Movie
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