United States in WWII
Start of Week 1 4/9-4/13
US after WWI
- The US never signed Treaty of Versailles
- Wilson(Democrat) vs Congress (Republican controlled)
- Should we join league of nations or go back to isolation?
- Republican Warren Harding won 1920 Presidential election with a promise to “Return to Normalcy”
- The US went back to focusing on America in the 1920’s-1930’s
Washington Naval Conference
- Skip testing over Italy
Kellogg Briand Pact
- Skip the US signed this
Neutrality in General
- Neutrality Acts passed by the US in 1930’s were in response to issues in Europe and Asia that eventually led to WWII
- Caused by desired to colonists in the US following WWI
Interventionists vs. Isolationists
- Interventions are people that want to be involved
- Still, a lot of isolationists that said no we don't want in the problem
- History of isolationism
- The policy of isolation is keeping is isolated
American First Committee
- The committee that wanted us out of the war
DR Seuss Images
- The US got pulled into the war
- We gave food and AID
- If we continue to give AID we will get pulled in
US Neutrality Act During 1930’s
- 1935 no trade with countries at war
- 1936 no loaning money to countries at war
- 1937 Cash and carry system - we will allow Great Britain to come to the US buy good from the US with cash and take it back on their own ships - weapons not included
- 1939 Cash and carry system - weapons included
Quarantine Speech 1937
- Test in Japan test, not the US
Bases for destroyers
- Passed in September 1940 between Great Britain and the US
- In exchange for navy bases mostly in Caribbean islands
- Fifty US destroyers were given air base purposes
End of US neutrality Lend-Lease Act
- End of neutrality for the US came in with act in March 1941
- The act allowed US to sell,lend, or give war materials to nations that supported the US
- The US gave $50 billion dollars
- Gave them tanks, airplanes, aids, and Ag products
Selective Training Service Act
- Passed in September 1940 and ended in 1947
- Required men ages of 21-35 for the draft
- Extended men as safe to enter war once ages 18-45
- First peacetime draft in US history
How did the draft work?
- Large pick 1-7,836
- Big bowl
VJ day
- August 14-15th 145 (Official UK)
German U-Boats
- Repeated attacks from German U-Boats on US ships in fall of 1941, FDR announced he ordered US navy ships to attack German + Italy war ships in “waters which we deem necessary for our defense”
- War was imminent
- US ships were not sinking
- Japanese navy was demolished
How did the US/Allies fight back to German U-Boats
- Convoy system - merchant ships with goods on them. Go over in large groups so it wasn't as easy to attack
- Hunter-Killer Convoy groups - used corvettes, and frigates
- Depth Charge - huge explosive that goes underwater mainly used for submarines
- Hedgehogs - Sub killer, 30 small bombs, and tons of fisherman died
- Airplanes - lookout for subs
Allied Intelligence
- Allies sharing info from RADAR
- Detecting surrounding things
- HF/DF used to locate sources of enemy radio transmissions like subs
- Intelligence began sharing code breaking secrets known as “Ultra” and “Magic”
Yalta Conference feb 1945
- What was going to happen with Germany after the war
- Yalta, Russia
- Last time 3 great leaders would meet
- United Nations was going to be set up
- Germany divided into 4 zones
- Free elections allowed in state of Eastern Europe
- USSR promised to join war against Japan
FDR Dies
- Harry Truman sworn in April 12th, 1945
- Took over after FDR died
- Unpopular president
- Good president, due to keeping us out of war
Woman in WWII
- Rosie the Riveter
- Represented woman that worked in WWII
- Lots of propaganda
- Lots of nurses
Native-Americans-Navajo Code Talkers
African-Americans WWII
- Segregated
- Tuskegee Institute/Airmen - best flight crew in WWII
- African Americans did very well for themselves
- This helped push them to the civil rights movement
Asian Americans in WWII
- Discriminated against
- Fight in WWII
- Segregated
Hollywood WWI
- News reals - Was the news educated people
- Propaganda - Lots of WWII comedies, making the enemy look bad
- Entertaining the troops - love movies, and things like that
- Bob Hope - Comedy shows every year, best known in the USO
- United Service Organization - this would take actors to the troops and perform for the troops
Kilroy Engraving on the WWII Memorial Day
- Very first things that went viral
- Soldiers saw this everywhere they went
- Wherever US soldiers went the engraving was already there
- “Kilroy was here”
Cartoons
- Make enemy look like idiots
- Embarrassment
OPA and Rationing
- Organization tried to control prices of goods
- More known for dealing with rationing
- We would trouble with rationing if we went to war now
- Food rationing restrictions on sugar and meet, clothes rationing silk and nylon
- Gasoline rationing was five gallons per week
- Gas rationing was about saving rubber(For tires), not gas
- Black market developed making fake stickers
- Stickers: A, B, T, X,
War production board
- Keep people working in factories
- All about work like it was going to win the war
War finance committee and war bonds
- Course over war 85 million Americans purchased bonds totaling approximately $185 billion
- Helped pay for war
- Tons of propaganda
- Investment for US citizens
- As low as $18.75 you make 6 bucks ten years later…
Japanese Internment Camps
- Japanese Americans
- US forced Japanese families out of there home and taken to relocation camps
- Were in areas that were not very green
- These weren't death camps, they were paid they would go to work
- They were forced to go
Causes of WWII
- In Europe:
- Treaty of Versailles
- Great depression
- Hitler's actions in 1930’s
- Mussolini's actions in 1930’s
- Failure in league of nations
- Policy of appeasement
- Hitler's invasion of Poland
- Rise of the nationalism
- In Asia
- Great depression
- Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931
- Japanese invasion of China in 1937
- In United States
- Quit trading supplies(oil) with Japan in the summer of 1941
- Tough policies towards Japan in Fall 1941
- Pearl Harbor attack
Effects of WWII on the US
- More women involved in workforce
- More rights for African Americans - integrated troops
- Germany split into 2 countries West Germany and East Germany
- Japan was demolished(US rebuilt Japan)
- Most deaths every in war
- United Nations starts
- Cold War- US .VS. USSR
- Federal power during War increased
- Shifted from state laws to federal laws - important during civil rights era and Vietnam war
- Stimulated economy
- 17 million new jobs created
- Average wages increased by 30%
- Middle class greatly expanded
WWII Casualties
- China 1.3 million deaths
- US under 300,000 deaths
- France 3.2 million deaths
End of week 1 notes 4/9-4/13
Start of week 4/23-4/27
THE COLD WAR 1945-1990
US vs Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Definition: A political, strategic and ideological struggle between the US and the Soviet Union from 1945-1990
- Spread throughout the world -- Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America
Communism vs. Democracy
- DEMOCRACY: A government in which people have the ultimate say (representative vs direct)
- PRACTICE OF COMMUNISM: the government is in control/ they don’t have freedoms/ North Korea/ equality and poverty
- Theory of Communism: redistribute wealth// utopian society// poor overthrow rich people, then the government would fade away and then everyone will be equal = NEVER HAPPENED
- Socialism vs capitalism:
- Socialism= government owns a lot of things// provide a lot for you// about equality// takes away an incentive
- Capitalism = people own and control businesses -- the harder you work, the more money you make// promotes hard work// problem = income inequality
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SOVIET UNION
- Bolshevik Revolution- BROUGHT COMMUNISM TO USSR
- Germany Ships Lenin to Russia to start a revolution
- Lenin starts the communist revolution that lasted about 5 years
- USSR dropped out of WWI, losing to Germany
- Lenin dies in 1924, but (believe that gov is going to fade away and everything will be perfect) saw that Russia was in shambles
- Wants to build up country first and then turn everything to the people
- Lenin dies and doesn't get to do the perfect gov thing
- Stalin kills his competition and establishes himself as the new leader of the USSR
- “Rule with an iron fist” “kill people you don’t trust”
- Purges -- kill people you don’t trust
- Collectivization --- gov taking over farms//millions die
- Nationalization --- gov taking over businesses
- Five-year-plan- every five years, want to make progress in products = wasn’t successful
- Even though the sovs always talked a big game, we know now that was mostly talk
- Soviets that went into Berlin
CAUSES OF THE COLD WAR
- Different political systems
- The US is based on democracy, capitalism, freedom, opportunity and hard work
- USSR is based on dictatorship. Communism, control, and equality
- The Red Scare - 1919--- when most americans started hearing about communism
- Fear that communists were going to take over the government
- Commiturm - trained people in communism and then sent them out
- Both thought their system was better and distrusted the other's intentions
- Stalin despised capitalism
- Distrust during WWll
- Stalin breaking his promise to allow free elections at the Yalta conference--- for Eastern Europe
- American fear of a communist attack (2nd red scare) and USSR’s fear of a US attack
- USSR’s fear of the atomic bomb
- USSR’s actions in their German zone
- USSR’s goal to spread communism around the world
YALTA CONFERENCE = what was going to happen to Germany after WWll
- Stalin was a true lier
Week of 3/30-5/4
Massive Retaliation/mutual deterrence/Mutual assured destruction
- Massive retaliation - If one side fires the other side massively retaliates
- Mutual deterrence - Since both sides will act they won't use them because it will cause retaliation
- Mutual assured destruction -
NATO
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- Western Nations formed NATO in 1949
- Designed to protect us against the Soviet Union
- Consisted of Western Europe, United States, and Canada
Perestroika and Glasnost - 1985
- Perestroika-Recruiting of the Soviet economy and political system
- More democracy
- Free elections
- Glasnost-More openness of the Soviet gov
USSR’s First Atomic Test - 1949
- Atomic bombs dropped on Japan 1945
- US testing took place in New Mexico
- We assumed Soviet Union would get there bomb out in 1950, but they had a spie and fast-tracked it in 1949 testing
- The world became a safer place because of the threat
Nuclear Powers of the world
- US - 1945
- United Kingdom - 1952
- France - 1960
- China - 1964
- Russia - 1949
North Korea and
- Kim Jong Un said on April 21, 2018 that North Korea will no longer test nuclear weapons and will shut down missile sites - Meeting with Trump soon end of this month
- Joint Comprehensive plan of action states “Iran reforms that under no circumstance will (it) ever seek, develop or acquire nuclear weapons(2015)
- Exchange the country will get relief from economic sanctions and permission to continue its atomic program for peaceful purposes
- President Trump hates the deal and want to pull out to improve it
Nuclear Treaties
- 1963 Nuclear Test ban treaty - banned above-ground nuclear testing (making people do it underground)
- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty - 1970
- Prevents spread of nuclear weapons and weapon technology
- Cooperation in peaceful uses for energy purposes
- Work towards disarming what's out there
- Anti-Ballistic Missile 1972
- Limited weapons that could destroy others
- 1980’s Ronald Reagan announces the Strategic defence initiative
- US withdraws in 2002 under George W. Bush
- Withdrew to missile defense system
- Salt 1 1972
- Froze number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels
- Limited new submarines-launched ballistic missile
- Salt 2 (never happened)
- Signed but never ratified by Congress
- Due to Soviet Union's INvasion of Afghanistan in 1979
- Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1996
- Signed by President by Bill Clinton
- Senate didn't sign it due to we didn't like it (we never signed but we follow it)
- Many countries have signed it
- International Atomic Energy Agency (1957) Through United Nations
- This group will go into countries and make sure they have avoided by the treaties that they follow the rules
CULTURE
1950’s
Music
- Rhythm and Blues and Country: Aretha Franklin, The drifters, the coasters, johnny cash
- Pop: frank sinatra, ella fitzgerald, peggy lee
- Rock’n roll and Rockabilly: Elvis Presley, Chubby Checker, Carl Perkins
Fashion
- Dirndl dress, full skirts, collared dresses, high waisted shorts, longer dresses at the end of the 50’s
- Suits- plaid, greaser (leather jackets)
- Girls- high waisted girl swimsuits, tight ones for guys
- Rockabilly - polka dot dresses, big hair, dances
- Poodle-skirts
Entertainment
- Marilyn monroe- sex figure, model, actress
- Audrey hepburn- actress
- Actors- james dean, john wayne, nat king cole
- Movies: suspense movies, princess movies
- Tv shows: Lone ranger, bonanza, wide
Fads
- Drive in movies
- Diners
- Jukeboxes
Hairstyles
- loops/curls/waves, greaser hair
1960’s
- The twist (chubby checker), Sugar Sugar (the Archies), The beach boys
Entertainment
- “New Hollywood” - popular
- Drag racing (teens)
- Drive-in movies
- Dr. Who, First Oscar academy, sesame street, the Flintstones
- Mary Poppins. Bonnie and Clyde
- Theater and plays
- Marvel comics- Avengers, Hulk, The Amazing Spider man
- Board games: Life, Clue, Mouse Trap, Operation, Twister, Rock’em sock’em robots
- First super bowl, Baseball, Boxing
- 1964 Olympic Games
Dances
- The fly, the Mashed potato, the funky chicken, the penguin, the swim
Fashion
- Minishirts, bell-bottom, capture, go-go boots, culottes, high neck button up, low heels
FADS
- Lava lamps, troll dolls, afros, banana seats, Barbie dolls, granny glasses, hair ironing, love beads, Rickie Rickie stickers, sea monkeys, tye dye
1970’s
Music
- stairway to heaven, staying alive, I will survive, dancing queen
Fashion
- Culottes, platform boots, bell bottom jeans, tunics
Movies
- Jaws, star wars, The Godfather, “good movies start”
1980’s
Entertainment
- The cosby show, family ties, indiana jones, ghostbusters, the goonies, ET, Footloose, the little mermaid
Fashion
- More calm, and neutral colors, denim jeans, bleaching, dyeing, premade holds, belts, and printed cartoon shirts
Fads
- Hairspray, breakdancing, friendship bracelets, jelly shoes, nintensdi, loafers, popples, slap bracelets, smurds, and strawberry shortcake
Music
- Madonna, Cyndi Lauper, Whitney Houston, Prince, Lionel richie, Guns n roses, Bon Jovi, and Michael Jackson
- Top Ten hits: Billie Jean, Livin on a prayer, sweet child o mine, beat it, and take on me
Civil Rights Presentation(Woman)
Progression
- Proved they could do jobs just as well as men
- Encourage to work only during war
- “Unlovely woman” Were considered this after war
- Civil rights = the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality
Women
Progression = proved they could do it just as well, “unlovely women” if you wanted to go to college and things
- Title 9 of the education amendments - prohibits sex discrimination in education
- 1963- equal pay
- 1983- first woman into space
LGBTQ = lesbian, gay, bi, trans, queer
- 1950’s - first gay rights group, homosexuality was considered a mental disorder (50’s = bad)
- 1960’s - first documentary about homosexuality, (little bit of change)
- 1770’s - equal rights were fought for, banning of same-sex marriage
- 1990’s - don’t ask don’t tell = if you’re gay and no one asks, you can be in the army
- -’coming out of the closet decade’ for many celebrities
- April 28, 2015 - Supreme court hears oral arguments on the question of the freedom to marry in Kentucky, Tennessee.
AFRICAN AMERICANS
- 1952- Malcolm X = minister in the NAtion of Islam
- 1954- Brown vs Board - started process desegregated schools
- 1955- Emmett Till is brutally murdered for whistling at the white women Rosa Parks
- 1957- nine black students go to an all-white school then named the little rock nine- treated terrible and Eisenhower had to send in troops to walk through the school
- 1961- Freedom riders involved African Americans riding buses down in the south to practice their new rights
- 1965- Malcolm X is assassinated. Congress passes laws to make it easier for African Americans to vote
- 1966- The black panther group was founded by vt Huey Newton
- MALCOLM X VS MARTIN LUTHER
- LUTHER = PEACEFUL
- MALCOLM = MORE VIOLENCE IF NEEDED
- African American civil rights in 70’s
- 1971- Johnson products, first black-owned company
- 1972- Hiring discrimination prohibited
- 1976- college and university enrollment for African American students rises sharply
- 1978- Muhammad Ali
- 1983- Harold Washington is elected the first black mayor of Chicago
- 1984- Wilson Goode becomes the first African American mayor of Philadelphia
- 1986- first national Martin Luther King Jr. holiday is celebrated
- 1991- Physicist Walter Massey becomes director of national science foundation
- The prison population grew by 700 percent from 1970 to 2005
- Black lives matter - “police target African american more” / racially profiled, put to death, arrested, searched
Amendments, major non-Cold War related laws each President got passed, scandals and assassinations
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
- Dallas, Texas November 22nd, 1963
- Single-bullet theory
- Assassinator was shot and killed(Lee Harvey)
- Lead to tons of conspiracy theories
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Assassination of Malcolm X
- In New York on Feb 21st, 1965
- Liked because he promoted self defense
Assassination of Robert Kennedy
- Died on June 6th was shot on the 5th
- Shot by ambassador hotel in LA after he won California primary(Running for president)
- Shot by 22 year old Palestinian
Iran Contra Affair
- President Reagan sent missiles to Iran
- Was blamed for delivering guns to Iran terrorists
- Went behind congress
- Big fines
- Big scandal of the 1980’s
Clinton Scandal
- Bill Clinton(president) and Monica Lewinsky
- Had an affair
- She was 22 years old
- He was 49 years old
- Later got him impeached
2016 Election Scandal
- Believed Russia tampered with election
- To help win
- No evidence found
- Democrats trying to get rid of Trump
Birther Scandal
- Trump stated that Obama's birth certificate was a lie
- Obama only produced copies of certificate
- Trump finally rested his attention toward issues
Watergate Scandal
- Called this because is a hotel in Washington DC and at that time the Democratic office was at the hotel
- President Richard Nixon was connected to conspiracy
- Later became true
- Follow advisors broke into democratic office
- Stole top secret papers and tapped phones
- Later rescind
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act
- Provided 700 Billion to secretary of Treasury to bale out banks
- Bought big loans out such as mortgages
- Many people got saved by this
President Truman Fair Deal
- National Health Insurance - rejected
- 40 cents to 75 cents per hour
- Social security benefits last longer
- Socialist
CIA
- Gather intelligence from foreign countries
- Created in 1947
- Makes us look like a terrorist
Bush Tax Cuts
- Reduced Federal revenue a lot
- Extended through Obama's term bc he wanted to keep it longer to get recession depression
- Lowered Federal income rates, marriage penalty, capital gain taxes
22nd amendments(Remeber to study Amendments)
- If president serves a term he can't become president in 20 years(2 terms)
23rd
- Give residents in Washington DC the right to vote(bc it wasn't a state)
24th
- Any US citizen able to vote
- Abolished polarity test and poll tests
25th
- If president dies the vice president will take over
26th
- Right to vote once someone has turned 18
27th
- Congress could give themselves a pay increase, but it has to be during the next election
Whip Inflation Now
- Save your money and try and get by with making your own things
- Got rid of it
- Rates did not go down
Education for All handicapped Children act
- Handicap had be treated the same
- 1 free meal a day
Camp David Accords
- Peace treaty signed by Egypt President and Israeli Prime minister
- Ending wars in middle east and Africa
War on Drugs
- Drug laws were very strict
- If you had it then you could go to jail
55 Mph Law
- Highway speeds between 40-8- mph
- Used to much oil then hod have
- It wasn't safe to have zones like this
No Child left behind
- Schools had to give every student an opportunity to succeed
- Everyone had equal opportunity
Clean Air Act
- Limit big factories how much emissions would be able to produce
Moon Landing
- Neil Armstrong touches down on the moon
Vietnam and Korea War (causes and highlights for test)
Korean War
- Started June 25th, 1950
- North and South Korea split after WWII bc of communism
- First military action since cold war started
- Entered on South Korea's request
- South Korea wanted to reunite
- US had left shortly after WWII
Causes of Korean War
- Containment didn't work as planned in Asia
- Soviet Union invaded the Japanese which occupied Korea
- America joined forces with South Korea
- 2 days after war US troops were sent in to defend South Korea
Effects of Korean War
Protests
- Anti-War group before 1965
- Burning Draft Cards
- DNC in Chicago was meeting of war
DMZ
- 20 million soldiers still there
- 150 miles long
- Cease fire line
Today
- They became a nuclear power through 2008-2018
- Recently they are talking about Denuclearization
Test
- Phases of Korean war map
- WWII was divided in two to take out Japan
- North invaded SOuth and pushes south down to pusan perimeter
- United Nations votes to go to war to help South Korea
- 90% of US forces
- We invade at south pussan and at ensiim
- China gets nervous bc they think we will invade them
- China ia assuming we are invading and they pushes us past the border
- Back and forth war at DMZ
- We didn't win but you could argue we did, but we didnt get rid of communism in North Korea
Pre Vietnam War
- French colony
- WWII Japan took over
- America intervenes
The Vietnam war
- 1945-1975
- Location: South and North Vietnam
- Named Second Indochina war
- Southwest Asia Treaty Organization joined forces with US
Escalation
- Gulf of Tonkin
- “Zippo Raids”
- 100 soldiers died per week
Descalization and Nixon
- Strategy to limit American involvement
- Achieve final peace agreement
- Become a united country
After US left
- Treaty signed
- War continued 2 years after
Unpopular
- Lead to protests
- Tet Offensive (Battle)
- Generals had been saying the war is almost over send a few more troops
- Our enemies launch a massive offensive(had been set up for 6 months or so)
- F
4-9 Monday - Watch movies
4-10 Tuesday - Start on United States in WWII
4-11 Wednesday - No school Community Service Day!
4-12 Thursday - Continue on notes of US WWII
4-13 Friday - Finish US WWI
4-16 Monday - US + Italy test
4-17 Tuesday - Watch Movie/study day
4-18 Wednesday - Germany Test day
4-19 Thiresday - Watch movie/study day
4-20 Friday - Japanese Test day
4-23 Monday - Gone due to School event (notes from Emma E)
4-24 Tuesday - Gone due to school event (notes from Emma E)
4-25 Wednesday - Back and taking notes (The cold war)
4-26 Thursday - Taking notes
2-27 Friday - Work day
2-30 Monday Work day
5-1 Tuesday Note taking and forum posts
5-2 Wednesday taking notes
5-3 Thursday Work day
5-4 Friday Presentations GONE
5-7 Monday - Presentations
5-8 Tuesday - Presentations
5-9 Wednesday - no school
5-10 Thursday - presentations
5-11 Friday - presentations
5-14 Monday - Presentations
5-15 Tuesday - Presentations
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