4/9-5/15

United States in WWII

Start of Week 1 4/9-4/13

US after WWI

  • The US never signed Treaty of Versailles
  • Wilson(Democrat) vs Congress (Republican controlled)
  • Should we join league of nations or go back to isolation?
  • Republican Warren Harding won 1920 Presidential election with a promise to “Return to Normalcy”
  • The US went back to focusing on America in the 1920’s-1930’s

Washington Naval Conference

  • Skip testing over Italy

Kellogg Briand Pact

  • Skip the US signed this

Neutrality in General

  • Neutrality Acts passed by the US in 1930’s were in response to issues in Europe and Asia that eventually led to WWII
  • Caused by desired to colonists in the US following WWI

Interventionists vs. Isolationists

  • Interventions are people that want to be involved
  • Still, a lot of isolationists that said no we don't want in the problem
  • History of isolationism
  • The policy of isolation is keeping is isolated

American First Committee

  • The committee that wanted us out of the war

DR Seuss Images

  • The US got pulled into the war
  • We gave food and AID
  • If we continue to give AID we will get pulled in

US Neutrality Act During 1930’s

  • 1935 no trade with countries at war
  • 1936 no loaning money to countries at war
  • 1937 Cash and carry system - we will allow Great Britain to come to the US buy good from the US with cash and take it back on their own ships - weapons not included
  • 1939 Cash and carry system - weapons included

Quarantine Speech 1937

  • Test in Japan test, not the US

Bases for destroyers

  • Passed in September 1940 between Great Britain and the US
  • In exchange for navy bases mostly in Caribbean islands
  • Fifty US destroyers were given air base purposes

End of US neutrality Lend-Lease Act

  • End of neutrality for the US came in with act in March 1941
  • The act allowed US to sell,lend, or give war materials to nations that supported the US
  • The US gave $50 billion dollars
  • Gave them tanks, airplanes, aids, and Ag products

Selective Training Service Act

  • Passed in September 1940 and ended in 1947
  • Required men ages of 21-35 for the draft
  • Extended men as safe to enter war once ages 18-45
  • First peacetime draft in US history

How did the draft work?

  • Large pick 1-7,836
  • Big bowl

VJ day

  • August 14-15th 145 (Official UK)

German U-Boats

  • Repeated attacks from German U-Boats on US ships in fall of 1941, FDR announced he ordered US navy ships to attack German + Italy war ships in “waters which we deem necessary for our defense”
  • War was imminent
  • US ships were not sinking
  • Japanese navy was demolished

How did the US/Allies fight back to German U-Boats

  • Convoy system - merchant ships with goods on them. Go over in large groups so it wasn't as easy to attack
  • Hunter-Killer Convoy groups - used corvettes, and frigates
  • Depth Charge - huge explosive that goes underwater mainly used for submarines
  • Hedgehogs - Sub killer, 30 small bombs, and tons of fisherman died
  • Airplanes - lookout for subs

Allied Intelligence

  • Allies sharing info from RADAR
  • Detecting surrounding things
  • HF/DF used to locate sources of enemy radio transmissions like subs
  • Intelligence began sharing code breaking secrets known as “Ultra” and “Magic”

Yalta Conference feb 1945

  • What was going to happen with Germany after the war
  • Yalta, Russia
  • Last time 3 great leaders would meet
  • United Nations was going to be set up
  • Germany divided into 4 zones
  • Free elections allowed in state of Eastern Europe
  • USSR promised to join war against Japan

FDR Dies

  • Harry Truman sworn in April 12th, 1945
  • Took over after FDR died
  • Unpopular president
  • Good president, due to keeping us out of war

Woman in WWII

  • Rosie the Riveter
  • Represented woman that worked in WWII
  • Lots of propaganda
  • Lots of nurses

Native-Americans-Navajo Code Talkers

African-Americans WWII

  • Segregated
  • Tuskegee Institute/Airmen - best flight crew in WWII
  • African Americans did very well for themselves
  • This helped push them to the civil rights movement

Asian Americans in WWII

  • Discriminated against
  • Fight in WWII
  • Segregated

Hollywood WWI

  1. News reals - Was the news educated people
  2. Propaganda - Lots of WWII comedies, making the enemy look bad
  3. Entertaining the troops - love movies, and things like that
  4. Bob Hope - Comedy shows every year, best known in the USO
  5. United Service Organization - this would take actors to the troops and perform for the troops

Kilroy Engraving on the WWII Memorial Day

  • Very first things that went viral
  • Soldiers saw this everywhere they went
  • Wherever US soldiers went the engraving was already there
  • “Kilroy was here”

Cartoons

  • Make enemy look like idiots
  • Embarrassment

OPA and Rationing

  • Organization tried to control prices of goods
  • More known for dealing with rationing
  • We would trouble with rationing if we went to war now
  • Food rationing restrictions on sugar and meet, clothes rationing silk and nylon
  • Gasoline rationing was five gallons per week
  • Gas rationing was about saving rubber(For tires), not gas
  • Black market developed making fake stickers
  • Stickers: A, B, T, X,

War production board

  • Keep people working in factories
  • All about work like it was going to win the war

War finance committee and war bonds

  • Course over war 85 million Americans purchased bonds totaling approximately $185 billion
  • Helped pay for war
  • Tons of propaganda
  • Investment for US citizens
  • As low as $18.75 you make 6 bucks ten years later…

Japanese Internment Camps

  • Japanese Americans
  • US forced Japanese families out of there home and taken to relocation camps
  • Were in areas that were not very green
  • These weren't death camps, they were paid they would go to work
  • They were forced to go

Causes of WWII

  • In Europe:
    • Treaty of Versailles
    • Great depression
    • Hitler's actions in 1930’s
    • Mussolini's actions in 1930’s
    • Failure in league of nations
    • Policy of appeasement
    • Hitler's invasion of Poland
    • Rise of the nationalism
  • In Asia
    • Great depression
    • Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931
    • Japanese invasion of China in 1937
  • In United States
    • Quit trading supplies(oil) with Japan in the summer of 1941
    • Tough policies towards Japan in Fall 1941
    • Pearl Harbor attack

Effects of WWII on the US

  • More women involved in workforce
  • More rights for African Americans - integrated troops
  • Germany split into 2 countries West Germany and East Germany
  • Japan was demolished(US rebuilt Japan)
  • Most deaths every in war
  • United Nations starts
  • Cold War-  US .VS. USSR
  • Federal power during War increased
    • Shifted from state laws to federal laws - important during civil rights era and Vietnam war
  • Stimulated economy
    • 17 million new jobs created
    • Average wages increased by 30%
    • Middle class greatly expanded

WWII Casualties

  • China 1.3 million deaths
  • US under 300,000 deaths
  • France 3.2 million deaths

End of week 1 notes 4/9-4/13

 

Start of week 4/23-4/27

THE COLD WAR 1945-1990

US vs Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Definition: A political, strategic and ideological struggle between the US and the Soviet Union from 1945-1990

 

  • Spread throughout the world -- Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America

 

Communism vs. Democracy

    • DEMOCRACY: A government in which people have the ultimate say (representative vs direct)
    • PRACTICE OF COMMUNISM: the government is in control/ they don’t have freedoms/ North Korea/ equality and poverty
    • Theory of Communism: redistribute wealth// utopian society// poor overthrow rich people, then the government would fade away and then everyone will be equal = NEVER HAPPENED

 

  • Socialism vs capitalism:

 

  • Socialism= government owns a lot of things// provide a lot for you// about equality// takes away an incentive
  • Capitalism = people own and control businesses -- the harder you work, the more money you make// promotes hard work// problem = income inequality

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SOVIET UNION

  • Bolshevik Revolution- BROUGHT COMMUNISM TO USSR
  • Germany Ships Lenin to Russia to start a revolution
  • Lenin starts the communist revolution that lasted about 5 years
  • USSR dropped out of WWI, losing to Germany
  • Lenin dies in 1924, but (believe that gov is going to fade away and everything will be perfect) saw that Russia was in shambles
  • Wants to build up country first and then turn everything to the people
  • Lenin dies and doesn't get to do the perfect gov thing
  • Stalin kills his competition and establishes himself as the new leader of the USSR
  • “Rule with an iron fist” “kill people you don’t trust”
  • Purges -- kill people you don’t trust
  • Collectivization ---  gov taking over farms//millions die
  • Nationalization --- gov taking over businesses
  • Five-year-plan- every five years, want to make progress in products = wasn’t successful
  • Even though the sovs always talked a big game, we know now that was mostly talk
  • Soviets that went into Berlin

CAUSES OF THE COLD WAR

  • Different political systems
  • The US is based on democracy, capitalism, freedom, opportunity and hard work
  • USSR is based on dictatorship. Communism, control, and equality
  • The Red Scare - 1919--- when most americans started hearing about communism
  • Fear that communists were going to take over the government
  • Commiturm - trained people in communism and then sent them out
  • Both thought their system was better and distrusted the other's intentions
  • Stalin despised capitalism
  • Distrust during WWll
  • Stalin breaking his promise to allow free elections at the Yalta conference--- for Eastern Europe
  • American fear of a communist attack (2nd red scare) and USSR’s fear of a US attack
  • USSR’s fear of the atomic bomb
  • USSR’s actions in their German zone
  • USSR’s goal to spread communism around the world

YALTA CONFERENCE = what was going to happen to Germany after WWll

  • Stalin was a true lier

 

Week of 3/30-5/4

Massive Retaliation/mutual deterrence/Mutual assured destruction

  • Massive retaliation - If one side fires the other side massively retaliates
  • Mutual deterrence - Since both sides will act they won't use them because it will cause retaliation
  • Mutual assured destruction -

NATO

  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  • Western Nations formed NATO in 1949
  • Designed to protect us against the Soviet Union
  • Consisted of Western Europe, United States, and Canada

Perestroika and Glasnost - 1985

  • Perestroika-Recruiting of the Soviet economy and political system
    • More democracy
    • Free elections
  • Glasnost-More openness of the Soviet gov

USSR’s First Atomic Test - 1949

  • Atomic bombs dropped on Japan 1945
  • US testing took place in New Mexico
  • We assumed Soviet Union would get there bomb out in 1950, but they had a spie and fast-tracked it in 1949 testing
  • The world became a safer place because of the threat

Nuclear Powers of the world

  • US - 1945
  • United Kingdom - 1952
  • France - 1960
  • China - 1964
  • Russia - 1949

North Korea and

  • Kim Jong Un said on April 21, 2018 that North Korea will no longer test nuclear weapons and will shut down missile sites - Meeting with Trump soon end of this month
  • Joint Comprehensive plan of action states “Iran reforms that under no circumstance will (it) ever seek, develop or acquire nuclear weapons(2015)
  • Exchange the country will get relief from economic sanctions and permission to continue its atomic program for peaceful purposes
  • President Trump hates the deal and want to pull out to improve it

Nuclear Treaties

  • 1963 Nuclear Test ban treaty - banned above-ground nuclear testing (making people do it underground)
  • Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty - 1970
    • Prevents spread of nuclear weapons and weapon technology
    • Cooperation in peaceful uses for energy purposes
    • Work towards disarming what's out there
  • Anti-Ballistic Missile 1972
    • Limited weapons that could destroy others
    • 1980’s Ronald Reagan announces the Strategic defence initiative
    • US withdraws in 2002 under George W. Bush
    • Withdrew to missile defense system
  • Salt 1 1972
    • Froze number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels
    • Limited new submarines-launched ballistic missile
  • Salt 2 (never happened)
    • Signed but never ratified by Congress
    • Due to Soviet Union's INvasion of Afghanistan in 1979
  • Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1996
    • Signed by President by Bill Clinton
    • Senate didn't sign it due to we didn't like it (we never signed but we follow it)
    • Many countries have signed it
  • International Atomic Energy Agency (1957) Through United Nations
    • This group will go into countries and make sure they have avoided by the treaties that they follow the rules

CULTURE

1950’s

Music

  • Rhythm and Blues and Country: Aretha Franklin, The drifters, the coasters, johnny cash
  • Pop: frank sinatra, ella fitzgerald, peggy lee
  • Rock’n roll and Rockabilly: Elvis Presley, Chubby Checker, Carl Perkins

Fashion

  • Dirndl dress, full skirts, collared dresses, high waisted shorts, longer dresses at the end of the 50’s
  • Suits- plaid, greaser (leather jackets)
  • Girls- high waisted girl swimsuits, tight ones for guys
  • Rockabilly - polka dot dresses, big hair, dances
  • Poodle-skirts

Entertainment

  • Marilyn monroe- sex figure, model, actress
  • Audrey hepburn- actress
  • Actors- james dean, john wayne, nat king cole
  • Movies: suspense movies, princess movies
  • Tv shows: Lone ranger, bonanza, wide

Fads

  • Drive in movies
  • Diners
  • Jukeboxes

Hairstyles

  • loops/curls/waves, greaser hair

 

1960’s

  • The twist (chubby checker), Sugar Sugar (the Archies), The beach boys

Entertainment

  • “New Hollywood” - popular
  • Drag racing (teens)
  • Drive-in movies
  • Dr. Who, First Oscar academy, sesame street, the Flintstones
  • Mary Poppins. Bonnie and Clyde
  • Theater and plays
  • Marvel comics- Avengers, Hulk, The Amazing Spider man
  • Board games: Life, Clue, Mouse Trap, Operation, Twister, Rock’em sock’em robots
  • First super bowl, Baseball, Boxing
  • 1964 Olympic Games

Dances

  • The fly, the Mashed potato, the funky chicken, the penguin, the swim

Fashion

  • Minishirts, bell-bottom, capture, go-go boots, culottes, high neck button up, low heels

FADS

  • Lava lamps, troll dolls, afros, banana seats, Barbie dolls, granny glasses, hair ironing, love beads, Rickie Rickie stickers, sea monkeys, tye dye

1970’s

Music

  • stairway to heaven, staying alive, I will survive, dancing queen

Fashion

  • Culottes, platform boots, bell bottom jeans, tunics

Movies

  • Jaws, star wars, The Godfather, “good movies start”

1980’s

Entertainment

  • The cosby show, family ties, indiana jones, ghostbusters, the goonies, ET, Footloose, the little mermaid

Fashion

  • More calm, and neutral colors, denim jeans, bleaching, dyeing, premade holds, belts, and printed cartoon shirts

Fads

  • Hairspray, breakdancing, friendship bracelets, jelly shoes, nintensdi, loafers, popples, slap bracelets, smurds, and strawberry shortcake

Music

  • Madonna, Cyndi Lauper, Whitney Houston, Prince, Lionel richie, Guns n roses, Bon Jovi, and Michael Jackson
  • Top Ten hits: Billie Jean, Livin on a prayer, sweet child o mine, beat it, and take on me

 

Civil Rights Presentation(Woman)

Progression

  • Proved they could do jobs just as well as men
  • Encourage to work only during war
  • “Unlovely woman” Were considered this after war
  • Civil rights = the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality

Women

Progression = proved they could do it just as well, “unlovely women” if you wanted to go to college and things

  • Title 9 of the education amendments - prohibits sex discrimination in education
  • 1963- equal pay
  • 1983- first woman into space

LGBTQ = lesbian, gay, bi, trans, queer

  • 1950’s - first gay rights group, homosexuality was considered a mental disorder (50’s = bad)
  • 1960’s - first documentary about homosexuality, (little bit of change)
  • 1770’s - equal rights were fought for, banning of same-sex marriage
  • 1990’s - don’t ask don’t tell = if you’re gay and no one asks, you can be in the army
  • -’coming out of the closet decade’ for many celebrities
  • April 28, 2015 - Supreme court hears oral arguments on the question of the freedom to marry in Kentucky, Tennessee.

AFRICAN AMERICANS

  • 1952- Malcolm X = minister in the NAtion of Islam
  • 1954- Brown vs Board - started process desegregated schools
  • 1955- Emmett Till is brutally murdered for whistling at the white women Rosa Parks
  • 1957- nine black students go to an all-white school then named the little rock nine- treated terrible and Eisenhower had to send in troops to walk through the school
  • 1961- Freedom riders involved African Americans riding buses down in the south to practice their new rights
  • 1965- Malcolm X is assassinated. Congress passes laws to make it easier for African Americans to vote
  • 1966- The black panther group was founded by vt Huey Newton
  • MALCOLM X VS MARTIN LUTHER
  • LUTHER = PEACEFUL
  • MALCOLM = MORE VIOLENCE IF NEEDED
  • African American civil rights in 70’s
  • 1971- Johnson products, first black-owned company
  • 1972- Hiring discrimination prohibited
  • 1976- college and university enrollment for African American students rises sharply
  • 1978- Muhammad Ali
  • 1983- Harold Washington is elected the first black mayor of Chicago
  • 1984- Wilson Goode becomes the first African American mayor of Philadelphia
  • 1986- first national Martin Luther King Jr. holiday is celebrated
  • 1991- Physicist Walter Massey becomes director of national science foundation
  • The prison population grew by 700 percent from 1970 to 2005
  • Black lives matter - “police target African american more” / racially profiled, put to death, arrested, searched



Amendments, major non-Cold War related laws each President got passed, scandals and assassinations

Assassination of John F. Kennedy

  • Dallas, Texas November 22nd, 1963
  • Single-bullet theory
  • Assassinator was shot and killed(Lee Harvey)
  • Lead to tons of conspiracy theories

Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

Assassination of Malcolm X

  • In New York on Feb 21st, 1965
  • Liked because he promoted self defense

Assassination of Robert Kennedy

  • Died on June 6th was shot on the 5th
  • Shot by ambassador hotel in LA after he won California primary(Running for president)
  • Shot by 22 year old Palestinian

Iran Contra Affair

  • President Reagan sent missiles to Iran
  • Was blamed for delivering guns to Iran terrorists
  • Went behind congress
  • Big fines
  • Big scandal of the 1980’s

Clinton Scandal

  • Bill Clinton(president) and Monica Lewinsky
  • Had an affair
  • She was 22 years old
  • He was 49 years old
  • Later got him impeached

2016 Election Scandal

  • Believed Russia tampered with election
  • To help win
  • No evidence found
  • Democrats trying to get rid of Trump

Birther Scandal

  • Trump stated that Obama's birth certificate was a lie
  • Obama only produced copies of certificate
  • Trump finally rested his attention toward issues

Watergate Scandal

  • Called this because is a hotel in Washington DC and at that time the Democratic office was at the hotel
  • President Richard Nixon was connected to conspiracy
  • Later became true
  • Follow advisors broke into democratic office
  • Stole top secret papers and tapped phones
  • Later rescind

Emergency Economic Stabilization Act

  • Provided 700 Billion to secretary of Treasury to bale out banks
  • Bought big loans out such as mortgages
  • Many people got saved by this

President Truman Fair Deal

  • National Health Insurance - rejected
  • 40 cents to 75 cents per hour
  • Social security benefits last longer
  • Socialist

CIA

  • Gather intelligence from foreign countries
  • Created in 1947
  • Makes us look like a terrorist

Bush Tax Cuts

  • Reduced Federal revenue a lot
  • Extended through Obama's term bc he wanted to keep it longer to get recession depression
  • Lowered Federal income rates, marriage penalty, capital gain taxes

22nd amendments(Remeber to study Amendments)

  • If president serves a term he can't become president in 20 years(2 terms)

23rd

  • Give residents in Washington DC the right to vote(bc it wasn't a state)

24th

  • Any US citizen able to vote
  • Abolished polarity test and poll tests

25th

  • If president dies the vice president will take over

26th

  • Right to vote once someone has turned 18

27th

  • Congress could give themselves a pay increase, but it has to be during the next election

Whip Inflation Now

  • Save your money and try and get by with making your own things
  • Got rid of it
  • Rates did not go down

Education for All handicapped Children act

  • Handicap had be treated the same
  • 1 free meal a day

Camp David Accords

  • Peace treaty signed by Egypt President and Israeli Prime minister
  • Ending wars in middle east and Africa

War on Drugs

  • Drug laws were very strict
  • If you had it then you could go to jail

55 Mph Law

  • Highway speeds between 40-8- mph
  • Used to much oil then hod have
  • It wasn't safe to have zones like this

No Child left behind

  • Schools had to give every student an opportunity to succeed
  • Everyone had equal opportunity

Clean Air Act

  • Limit big factories how much emissions would be able to produce

Moon Landing

  • Neil Armstrong touches down on the moon

 

Vietnam and Korea War (causes and highlights for test)

Korean War

  • Started June 25th, 1950
  • North and South Korea split after WWII bc of communism
  • First military action since cold war started
  • Entered on South Korea's request
  • South Korea wanted to reunite
  • US had left shortly after WWII

Causes of Korean War

  • Containment didn't work as planned in Asia
  • Soviet Union invaded the Japanese which occupied Korea
  • America joined forces with South Korea
  • 2 days after war US troops were sent in to defend South Korea

Effects of Korean War

Protests

  • Anti-War group before 1965
  • Burning Draft Cards
  • DNC in Chicago was meeting of war

DMZ

  • 20 million soldiers still there
  • 150 miles long
  • Cease fire line

Today

  • They became a nuclear power through 2008-2018
  • Recently they are talking about Denuclearization

Test

  • Phases of Korean war map
  • WWII was divided in two to take out Japan
  • North invaded SOuth and pushes south down to pusan perimeter
  • United Nations votes to go to war to help South Korea
  • 90% of US forces
  • We invade at south pussan and at ensiim
  • China gets nervous bc they think we will invade them
  • China ia assuming we are invading and they pushes us past the border
  • Back and forth war at DMZ
  • We didn't win but you could argue we did, but we didnt get rid of communism in North Korea

Pre Vietnam War

  • French colony
  • WWII Japan took over
  • America intervenes

The Vietnam war

  • 1945-1975
  • Location: South and North Vietnam
  • Named Second Indochina war
  • Southwest Asia Treaty Organization joined forces with US

Escalation

  • Gulf of Tonkin
  • “Zippo Raids”
  • 100 soldiers died per week

Descalization and Nixon

  • Strategy to limit American involvement
  • Achieve final peace agreement
  • Become a united country

After US left

  • Treaty signed
  • War continued 2 years after

Unpopular

  • Lead to protests
  • Tet Offensive (Battle)
    • Generals had been saying the war is almost over send a few more troops
    • Our enemies launch a massive offensive(had been set up for 6 months or so)
  • F

4-9 Monday - Watch movies

4-10 Tuesday - Start on United States in WWII

4-11 Wednesday - No school Community Service Day!

4-12 Thursday - Continue on notes of US WWII

4-13 Friday - Finish US WWI

 

4-16 Monday - US + Italy test

4-17 Tuesday - Watch Movie/study day

4-18 Wednesday - Germany Test day

4-19 Thiresday - Watch movie/study day

4-20 Friday - Japanese Test day

 

4-23 Monday - Gone due to School event (notes from Emma E)

4-24 Tuesday  - Gone due to school event (notes from Emma E)

4-25 Wednesday - Back and taking notes (The cold war)

4-26 Thursday - Taking notes

2-27 Friday - Work day

 

2-30 Monday Work day

5-1 Tuesday Note taking and forum posts

5-2 Wednesday taking notes

5-3 Thursday Work day

5-4 Friday Presentations GONE

 

5-7 Monday - Presentations

5-8 Tuesday - Presentations

5-9 Wednesday - no school

5-10 Thursday - presentations

5-11 Friday - presentations

 

5-14 Monday - Presentations

5-15 Tuesday - Presentations

 

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