Monday-Friday - Presentation workday

Monday - Friday

Notes- Link - https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aIWXiJ6P-t8j8sYocIAl5fqYugbhJ2i7i8vdn3qxHds/edit

Monday- Notes

Tuesday- Notes

Wednesday - Notes

Thursday - Notes

Friday - Notes

Monday- Japan Test

Tuesday- US Test

Wednesday- Preparing for decades project

Thursday- Work day 

Friday- Work day 

Monday- No school

Tuesday- Causes of WWII

Wednesday- Test over WWII

Thursday- Study for test 

Friday- Second part of test

Monday - WWII Notes

Tuesday- WWII Notes and video

Wednesday- Test preparation 

Thursday- No School

Friday- No School

Potsdam Conference - July, 1945 - On July 26, the US, Great Britain, and China issued the Potsdam Declaration. Announced the terms for Japan's surrender. "We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives. Potsdam Declaration - July, 1945 - Dismantle the current government of Japan (excluding Emperor Hirohito). The Allies will occupy Japan. Japan will consist only of the major island. Any new territory gained would be lost. Disarmed the Japanese military. There will be war crimes trials for the atrocities committed by Japan throughout WWII.  Potsdam Continued - Democracy will be promoted as well as Freedom of speech, religion, and of thought, as well as respect for fundamental human rights (Universal Declaration of Human Rights - 1948). Japan will be allowed to have industry so they can make money to pay war preparations.. World trade will also be enabled at some point. Allied (US) occupation of Japan (1945 - 1952) will end once Japan accomplishes all of the above points.

The United States in WWII (Allied Powers - Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, China, France and Mexico, Brazil, and Cuba)US after WWI - US never signed the Treaty of Versailles. Wilson (Democrat) vs Congress (Republican controlled). Joined the League of Nations or back to isolationism? Republican Warren Harding won the 1920 Presidential election with a promise to "Return to Normalcy". The US went back to focusing on America in the 1920's and 1930's. 

5 Power Pact - Signed by Great Britain, the US, Japan, France, and Italy. Designed to prevent an arm's race. Neutrality in General - The Neutrality Acts were passed by the US in the 1930's in response to the issues in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II. They were caused by the desire to be isolationist in the US following WWI. Passed to ensure that the US would not become involved in world conflicts (war).End of US Neutrality - Lend Lease Act - The end of neutrality for the US came with the Lend-Lease Act, Passed in March, 1941. This act allowed the US to sell, lend or give war materials, food, industrial materials, and services.Selective Training and Service Act - Required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register for the draft. How did the Draft work? - Each male registered was given a number between 1-7,836.US Neutrality Acts during 1930's - Neutrality Act of 1935 - stop trading with counties at war. Neutrality Act of 1936 - stop loaning money to countries at war. Neutrality Act of 1937 - Cash and Carry System - weapons not included. Neutrality Act of 1939 - Cash and Carry System - weapons included

Panay Incident )WWII Major Battle/Operations - Operation Varsity (invasion of western Germany past the Rhine River) - March German U-Boats - After repeated attacks by German U-boats on U.S. ships in the Fall of 1941, FDR announced that he had ordered the U.S. Navy to attack German and Italian war ships. Hunter-Killer Convoy Groups - Hunter-killer group would typically be formed around an escort aircraft carriers that would provide aerial reconnaissance and air cover for the convoy group. Hunter-killer groups consist of: Corvettes, destroyers, destroyer escorts, frigates. U.S. Coast Guard Cutters aired with depth charges and Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar Allied Intelligence - Churchill and Roosevelt knew the importance of intelligence in safeguarding Allied commerce to defeat the Axis powers. the Allies shared information from RADAR and High Frequency Radio Direction Finding (HF/DF or "huff duff"). RADAR provided a means of detecting vessels and aircraft above the surface. HF/DF was used to locate the sources of enemy radio transmissions such as submarines. Allied intelligence leaders began sharing code-breaking secrets, known as "very special intelligence" and classified under cover names like "ULTRA" and "MAGIC". Enigma - System in which Germany transferred their information through codes.

D-Day - The "D" stands for Day - the Day of Days.Major Generals: United States - Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley. The United Kingdom - Bernard Law Montgomery, Germany - Erwin Rommel. By June 11, with the beachheads firmly secured. Paris was liberated on August 25. Germany had surrendered on May 8, 1945Battle of the Bulge Facts - The coldest, snowiest weather "in memory" in the Ardennes Forest on the German/Belgium border. Over a million men, 500,000 Germans, 600,000 Americans (more than fought at Gettysburg) over 55,000 British. 100,000 German casualties, killed wounded or captured. The Malmedy Massacre

Yalta Conference - February, 1945 - At the end of WWII, Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt met at Yalta, USSR to plan what should happen when the war ended. They agreed on the following: 1.) The establishment of the United Nations 2.) Germany to be divided into four zones. 3.) Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe.

Women in WWII - Rosie the Riveter - Represented women workers in WWII. War Production was one of the most important reason why we won the war.

Areas controlled by Japan

• Several regions in china 1938 -1945

• French indochina (vietnam, cambodia and laos_ = july 15, 1940 - august 29, 1945

• Hong kong (UK) - december 12, 1940 - august 15, 1945

• Thailand- as an allied state although induced  -december 8, 1941, - august15, 1941

• British new guinea - December 27,1941 - september 15,1945

• Philippines (usa) - january 2, 1942 - november 27, 1944

• Guam (usa) - january 6, 1942 - october 24, 1945

• Dutch east indies - january 18, 1942 - october 21, 1945

• Portuguese timor -  february 19,1942  - september 2, 1945

• Malaya (UK) - march 27, 1942 - september 6 , 1945

• Andaman and nicobar islands (india) - march 29, 1942 - september 9 , 1945

• Straits settleents (singapore) - march 29, 1942 - september 9 , 1945

• Kingdom of sarawak (UK) - march 29, 1942  - september 9, 1945

• Brunei - march 29, 1942 - september 9 , 1945

• North borneo - march 29, 1942 - september 9 , 1945

• Attu and kiska islands (alaska) june 6, 1943

Areas attacked but not conquered

• Air raids on australia

• Broome

• Darwin

• Newcastle

• sydney

• British columbia

• Kohima and manipur

• Colombo and trincomalee

• Dornod

• United states

• Santa barbara

• Pearl harbor

• Midway atoll

• Fort stevens

Japan in the 1920’s

• Joined the league of nations

• Signed the 4, 5 and 9 power pacts

• 4 power pact-  us, gb, france and japan would respect each other’s possessions in the pacific

• 5 power pact- us, gb, france italy, and japan would limit naval size

• 9 power pact- us, gb, france italy, and japan, belgium, netherlands, portugal and china agree to the open door policy and guarantee chinese independence

• Signed the kellogg-briand pact

Japanese invasion of manchuria

• The league of nations condemned the action but could not enforce its authority as it had no military force

• The message sent to aggressive countries was that a major power could get away with using force because great britain and france did not want war

• Japan dropped out of the league of nations shortly after invasion

China was to japan as soviet union was to german- they started out, japan destroying china then  

Rape of Nanking- Late 1937 - Early 1938

• A mass killin gof chinese people (up to 300,000)

• Mass rapin gof chinese women and girls

• Mass looting and arson

• Some in japan have denied that the military killed civilians for no reason

• Still causes tension between the two countries today

• There was a war crimes trial after the war to try japnese soldiers for participation

• Overall, throughout ww2, japan kuilled almost 6,000,000 people - chinese , indonesians, koreans, filipinos, indochinese, wester prisoners of war, etc.

Panay incident - december 1937

• American gunboat attacked on river in china by japan

• 3 us troops killed, 45 wounded

• Japan said it was an accident apologized and paid us$$

• Worsened us  -japanese relations

Basics of Pearl Harbor Attack

• Date: december 7, 1941- sunday - 7:40 a.m and 8:50 am

• Location: pearl harbor, hawaii territory

• War results: 1. Japanese major victory 2. U.s. declaration of war on japan 3. Germany and italy declare war on the u.s. (tripartite pact) 4. U.s declares war on germany and italy

Remember pearl harbor

• This was one ofthe most patriotic songs during world war ii

• It was played at family and religious gatherings throughout the country

Why did japan attack pearl harbor?

• After japan invaded french indochina in 1940, us stopped trading oil with japan

• Japan signed the soviet -japanese neutrality pact in april, 1941 guaranteeing that japan and ussr would not go to war

• Japan realized they needed  us trade to be successful in war

• Only way to force us hands was to hit them hard in a surprise attack forcing them out of thear

• Japan knew that this plan was a huge risk, but thought it was the only way to defeat us

• Plan backfired. Instead, japan “awoke a sleeping giant.”

FDR’s war message

• Pearl harbor wasn’t only area attacked, japan also attacked, hong kong, guam, philippine islands, wake island, and midway island

Bataan death march - philippines - 1942

• Up 10,000 filipino and 650 american pow’s died during march

Summer 1945 - preparing for the invasion of japan

• Operation downfall

• Planned for october 945

• Estimated to have over 1 million casualties

• Estimated to have 267,000 deaths

• Why did this never take place

The Manhattan Project

• 1939-1945

Trinity TEst - July 16, 1945

Impact ww2 had on italy

• 410,000 dead- 330,000 military deaths

• Spent 94 billion dollars

• Italy had joined the allies by 1943 so the big concern for the us was making sure italy became a democracy after the war and not fall to communism

• Us gave millions of dollars to italy (Marshall plan) to help rebuild after the war

• Became a member of nato in 1949

• Became a member of the united  nations in 1955

Areas controlled by japan during WW2

• Several regions in china 1938 -1945

• French indochina (vietnam, cambodia and laos_ = july 15, 1940 - august 29, 1945

• Hong kong (UK) - december 12, 1940 - august 15, 1945

• Thailand- as an allied state although induced  -december 8, 1941, - august15, 1941

• British new guinea - December 27,1941 - september 15,1945

• Philippines (usa) - january 2, 1942 - november 27, 1944

• Guam (usa) - january 6, 1942 - october 24, 1945

• Dutch east indies - january 18, 1942 - october 21, 1945

• Portuguese timor -  february 19,1942  - september 2, 1945

• Malaya (UK) - march 27, 1942 - september 6 , 1945

• Andaman and nicobar islands (india) - march 29, 1942 - september 9 , 1945

• Straits settleents (singapore) - march 29, 1942 - september 9 , 1945

• Kingdom of sarawak (UK) - march 29, 1942  - september 9, 1945

• Brunei - march 29, 1942 - september 9 , 1945

• North borneo - march 29, 1942 - september 9 , 1945

• Attu and kiska islands (alaska) june 6, 1943

Areas attacked but not conquered

• Air raids on australia

• Broome

• Darwin

• Newcastle

• sydney

• British columbia

• Kohima and manipur

• Colombo and trincomalee

• Dornod

• United states

• Santa barbara

• Pearl harbor

• Midway atoll

• Fort stevens

Japan in the 1920’s

• Joined the league of nations

• Signed the 4, 5 and 9 power pacts

• 4 power pact-  us, gb, france and japan would respect each other’s possessions in the pacific

• 5 power pact- us, gb, france italy, and japan would limit naval size

• 9 power pact- us, gb, france italy, and japan, belgium, netherlands, portugal and china agree to the open door policy and guarantee chinese independence

• Signed the kellogg-briand pact

1. Germany’s WWII story 1919-1945

   Ein Volk, Ein reich, ein fuhrer

   One people, one empire, one leader

   Fuhrer- Leader

   Swastika- it was a peace sign borrowed from egypt and india

   Axis powers- Germany, italy, japan.

   Treaty of Versailles- June 28, 1919

   Territorial

   • The following land was taken away from germany

   • Alsace-lorraine (given to france)

   • Eupen and malmedy (given to belgium)

   • Northern schleswig (given to denmark)

   • Hultschin (given to czechoslovakia)

   • West prussia, posen and upper silesia (given to poland)

   • The league of nations also took control of germany’s overseas colonies

   • Germany had to return to russia land taken in the treaty of brest-litovsk

   • Some of this land was made into new states:estonia, lithuania and latvia. An enlarged poland also received some of this land.

   Military

   • Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000 men;

   • German army was not allowed tanks

   • Germany was not allowed to have an air force

   • Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines

   • The Rhineland was made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ)

   • No german soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone

   • The allies were to keep an army of occupation on the wests bank of the rhine for 15 years

   Financial

   • The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to germany’s economy

   • Coal from the saar and upper silesia in particular

   • Germany had to pay $33 billion to the allies (GB/France)

   General Consequences

   • 1. Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was Clause 231- the infamous “war guilt clause.”

   • 2. Germany was forbidden to unite with austria

   • 3. a league of nations was set up to keep world peace

   United states never signed the treaty of versailles.

   The German Reaction to the Treaty of Versailles

   • There was anger throughout germany when the terms were made public

   • The treaty was bseen by many germans as being forced on the nm and the germans had no choice but to sign uit

   • German representatives in paris knew that they had no choice as germany was incapable of restarting the war again

   • Many right wing groups such as the nazis believed in the dolchstoss, theory (stab  in the back theory)

   • Blamed the “November criminals” (the weimar republic) for accepting treaty

   
   

   Adolf Hitler

   • Born in 1889 in austria

   • Failed artist

   • Loner

   • Both parents died by time he was 18

   • Family moved to germany when he was three

   • Had five siblings-three died In infancy

   • Mom-klara dad-alois

   • His brother, edmund, died in 1900

   • After his brother’s death, hitler changed and became more moody and withdrawn

   • Had more issues at school and with his dad

   • His dad died in 1903 and his mom died in 1907

   • All three of these deaths had a huge impact on the young hitler

   • In mein kampf, hitler said he first became anti-semitic(hating jews) during his time in Vienna, Austria.

   • Hitler failed to get into the academy of fine arts in vienna two different times

   • Started selling paintings in the streets of vienna

   • Failed his examination to get into the austro-hungarian army in 1914

   • Moved to munich, germany and joined the german army when ww 1 broke out in 1914

   Hitler in WW1

   • Hitler was wounded twice while serving

   • Injured by a shell explosion

   • Temporarily blinded by a mustard gas attack

   • There is a story that hitler could have been shot by the french soldier, henry tandy, but was spared.

   After WW1

   • Hitler starts spying on the new nationalist socialist german workers party (nazi_ for the german military

   • Hitler quickly realized that this group discussed topics that he believed in

   • Hitler dropped  out of the military and joined the nazi party and quickly rose to become the leader

   • Hitler found out that he had the power of speech and persuasion during this time

   Beer Hall Putsch- 1923

   • Marched capital to get control

   Hitler’s Trial- 1924

   • Sentence for 5 years

   • Served 9 months for good behavior

   Hitler’s rise to power

   • Hitler is appointed chancellor in 1933

   • President paul von hindenburg dies shortly after and hitler dissolves the weimar republic

   • Early actions of hitler:

   • Drops out of the league of nations

   • Starts rearming germany

   • Rearms the german rhinelands area

   Anschluss with Austria- 1938

   
   

   Sudetenland crisis- 11938

   “Re-uniting german speaking peoples”

   
   

   Munich conference

   • Neville chamberlain- great britain

   • Adolf hitler - germany

   • Benito mussolini- italy

   • Edouard daladier- france

   
   

   Munich conference- chamberlain: “peace for our time”

   • Hitler was given the sudetenland of czechoslovakia

   • Hitler promised that he was done taking over territoires

   • Hitler wanted to reunite all german speaking people

   • Became known as the “policy of appeasement”

   
   

   Winston Churchill- opposed the appeasement

   
   

   Czech President Hacha meeting with hitler - march, 1939

   
   

   Nazi- Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact

   August of 1939

   • Russia gave raw materials to germany in exchange for money and weapons

   • Both agreed to stay neutral if the other entered the war

   • Secretly agreed to invade and split poland. German would get the western half and ussr the eastern half

   • Russia would get finland, estonia and latvia and germany would get lithuania

   
   

   How did the world react to this pact

   • Shocked

   • Poland was stuck “between a rock and a hard place”

   • Hitler thought  it would force great britain and france to back out of their promise to help poland if attacked

   
   

   Sitzkrieg- the phony war- winter 1939/1940

   Phony war ends spring , 1940. Takes over denmark , norway, belgium, netherlands, luxemburg

   
   

   French and German Plans for the Battle of France 1940

   France’s “Impenetrable” Maginot line

   Miracle of Dunkirk

   Dunkirk evacuated June 4,

   German Advances until the Armistice- Battle of France” June 4-22,

   France surrenders June , 1940

   A divide france- the vichy government lead by henri petain

   The French Resistance- the free french underground(based in london and leader was general charles degaulle)

   
   

   Tripartite pact is signed-- Axis powers - 1940

   
   

   Axis invasion of the balkans (yugoslavia) in - 1941

   
   

   Nazi goals for battle of Britain

   1. Destroy the royal air force (before invasion was possible-hopefully by 9-15)

   2. Attack and destroy the british navy

   3. Attack british troops

   4. Once air control was gained, the invasion of great britain would begin

   **Germany never succeeded in achieving #1

   **German bombers did so poorly against the RAF that they started bombing at night only

   **Great Britain was aided heavily by the radar and Ultra

   
   

   Battle of Britain- The Blitz - September 1940- May, 1941

   
   

   Results

   • In may, 1941, germany decided to focus on attacking british ships and ports and thus stopped attacking cities

   • British losses-around 40,000 civilians dead

   • 46,000-139,000 injured

   • German losses-3,363 aircrew and 2,265 aircraft

   • Britain won by by the fact that germany did not achieve their goals

   German invasion of ussr- june, 1941

   • Final plan for operation barbarossa

   Scorched Earth Policy

   • Stalin demanded this of the soviet troops as they retreated

   • What is this?

   Battle for Moscow

   • The soviet winter counteroffensive december 6, 1941 - april 30, 1942

   • The russian winter sets in and make is a huge turning point in the war

   Siege of Leningrad

   • On august 30th 1941, the germans took over leningrad’s railroads, cutting them off from the rest of russia and the world.

   • Unlike the battle of stalingrad, the germans surrounded the city to starve the city into submission

   • Between november 1941 and october 1942, 641,000 people died of starvation

   • People resorted to eating rats, wallpaper paste, and some resorted to cannibalism

   • A successful russian counteroffensive at stalingrad forced the germans to move troops there and eventually, the siege failed

   • The germans never took leningrad, but it was one of the most costly conflicts russia had ever faced over one million died

   The North Africa campaign:: June , 1940 - May, 1943

   • Gen bernard Montgomery (Monty)

   • Gen erwin rommel (the desertfox)

   Operation torch - november, 1942

   • Us and british forces invade north africa

   • By may, 1943, axis forces surrendered in north africa, the campaign would now shift to the islands in the mediterranean sea in italy

   The Italian campaign, operation avalanche: europe’s soft underbelly.

   The Holocaust

   • The genocide of approximately six million european jews during world war 11

   • A program of systematic state sponsored extermination by nazi germany throughout nazi occupied territory

   • Approximately two thirds of the population of nine million jews who had lived in europe before the holocaust died

   • Some say that the definition of the holocaust should also include the nazis’ killing of millions of people in other groups from german and other occupied territory

   • By this definition, the total number of holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million people

   What is genocide?

   • Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

   1. Killing members ofthe group

   2. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group

   3. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part

   4. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group

   5. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group

   • Member countries must “undertake to prevent and punish

   What is the Aryan Race?
   - nazi used term to refer to a so called master race that originated around Germany

   Perfect aryan was blonde, blue eyed, tall and muscular
   Who was inferior according to Hitler?

   • Jews

   • Gypsies

   • Mentally / physiclally handicapped people

   • Soviet slavs / pow’s / troops

   • Poles

   • Homosexuals

   • Communists/socialists

   • Dark skinned people

   • Mixed races

   • Jehovah’s Witnesses

   Lebensborn - fount of Life

   • The program aimed to promote the growth of superior aryan populations by providing excellent healthcare and living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed “fit”.

   • Many lebensborn children were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape

   • Contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with aryan germans Hitler’s jewish ques

   • toin- 1933

   • Nazis temporarily suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933- never restored

   • The nazis set up the first concentration camp at dachau in 1o33. The first inmates are 200 communists

   • Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the national health service, and teachers in public high schools.

   • Most jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges.

   Nuremberg Laws 1935

   1. Took away german citizenship from jews thus making jew a second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights

   2. Established membership in the jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves jewish or had three or four jewish grandparents. People with one or two jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed race.

   • Eventually anyone with a t least one jewish grandparent was at risk in nazi germany

   3. jew s could only marry jews

   4. No sexual relations between non - jewish germans and jews

   
   

   1936

   • Nazis boycott jewish owned businesses

   Kristallnacht-1938

   • On the night of november 9 and 10, 1938, the nazis  roamed through jewish neighborhoods breaking windows of jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting.

   • In all , 1-1 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,500 jewish businesses were destroyed.

   • 26,000 jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps.

   • Jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died in the attack.

   
   

   1939

   • Hitler orders the systematic murder ofthe mentally adn phsycially disabled in germany and austria

   • Jews are required to wear armbands or yellow stars

   1940

   • Nazis begin deporting german jews to poland

   • Jews are forced into ghettos

   • Nazis begin the first mass murder of jews in poland.

   1942

   • Nazi officials announce final solution their plan to kill all european jews

   • Five death camps begin operation in poland: majdanek, sobibor, treblinka, belzec, and auschwitz-birkenau

   • Ghettos of eastern europe are being emptied as thousands of jews are shipped to death camps

   • The united states, great britain , and the soviet union acknowledge that germans are exterminating the jews of europe

   1943

   • Jews in the warsaw ghetto resist as the nazis begin new rounds of deportations. These jews hold out for nearly a month before the nazixs put down the uprising.

   1944

   • Hitler takes over hungary and begins deporting 12k,-- hungarian jews

   1945

   • Hitler is defeated and world war 2 ends in europe

   • The holocaust is over and the death caps are found emptied

   • Many survivors are placed in displaced persons camps until they find a country willing to accept them

   • Some 850,000 people lived in displaced persons camps

   1947

   • The united nations establishes a jewish homeland in british controlled palestine, which becomes the state of israel in 1948.

   Italy after WW1

   • Italy was very displeased with the Treaty of versailles

   • Wanted to get more land than they got

   • Italy joined the league of nations and was a member from 1919 until they withdrew in 1937

   Washington Naval conference - 1921

   5 power pact

   • Signed by great britain, the united states, japan, france, and italy

   • Designed to prevent an arm’s race

   • It limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers, and aircraft carriers

   • Did not restrict cruisers, destroyers or submarines

   9 Power Pact

   • Guaranteed chinese independence and upheld the open door policy

   • Signed by the us, japan, china, france, great britain, italy, belgium, netherlands, and portugal

   Kellogg-Briand Pact

   • Countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes

   March on  Rome - october 1922

   • A march by benito mussolini’s national fascist party

   • Mussolini and the fascists won and took over italy

   King victor Emmanuel

   • Did not fight mussolini’s takeover in italy

   • Wanted to avoid a civil war and also wanted  to keep communists out of italy

   • Saw mussolini as the person that could do these things

   Mussolini and the catholic church

   • In 1929 the lateran accords were signed

   • Gave the vatican specific territories in rome

   • Catholicism became the state religion

   • Separation of church and state was stopped

   • Recognition of religious marriages for the first time since 1870

   • Catholic church as given a lot of money

   What did mussolini get?

   • Official support from the catholic church

   Established fascism in Italy

   • A government led by a strong dictator

   • Stresses strong nationalism, militarism, and imperialism

   • Uses intimidation to get what they want

   Ethiopia invaded by mussolini 1935

   • Italy lost its ethiopia colony in africa at the 1896 battle of adwa

   • One of the worst colonial disasters of modern history

   • In 1935, italy sends large forces into ethiopia

   Italy’s goals in WW11

Germany’s WWII story 1919-1945

Ein Volk, Ein reich, ein fuhrer

One people, one empire, one leader

Fuhrer- Leader

Swastika- it was a peace sign borrowed from egypt and india

Axis powers- Germany, italy, japan.

Treaty of Versailles- June 28, 1919

Territorial

• The following land was taken away from germany

• Alsace-lorraine (given to france)

• Eupen and malmedy (given to belgium)

• Northern schleswig (given to denmark)

• Hultschin (given to czechoslovakia)

• West prussia, posen and upper silesia (given to poland)

• The league of nations also took control of germany’s overseas colonies

• Germany had to return to russia land taken in the treaty of brest-litovsk

• Some of this land was made into new states:estonia, lithuania and latvia. An enlarged poland also received some of this land.

Military

• Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000 men;

• German army was not allowed tanks

• Germany was not allowed to have an air force

• Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines

• The Rhineland was made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ)

• No german soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone

• The allies were to keep an army of occupation on the wests bank of the rhine for 15 years

Financial

• The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to germany’s economy

• Coal from the saar and upper silesia in particular

• Germany had to pay $33 billion to the allies (GB/France)

General Consequences

• 1. Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was Clause 231- the infamous “war guilt clause.”

• 2. Germany was forbidden to unite with austria

• 3. a league of nations was set up to keep world peace

United states never signed the treaty of versailles.

The German Reaction to the Treaty of Versailles

• There was anger throughout germany when the terms were made public

• The treaty was bseen by many germans as being forced on the nm and the germans had no choice but to sign uit

• German representatives in paris knew that they had no choice as germany was incapable of restarting the war again

• Many right wing groups such as the nazis believed in the dolchstoss, theory (stab  in the back theory)

• Blamed the “November criminals” (the weimar republic) for accepting treaty

Adolf Hitler

• Born in 1889 in austria

• Failed artist

• Loner

• Both parents died by time he was 18

• Family moved to germany when he was three

• Had five siblings-three died In infancy

• Mom-klara dad-alois

• His brother, edmund, died in 1900

• After his brother’s death, hitler changed and became more moody and withdrawn

• Had more issues at school and with his dad

• His dad died in 1903 and his mom died in 1907

• All three of these deaths had a huge impact on the young hitler

• In mein kampf, hitler said he first became anti-semitic(hating jews) during his time in Vienna, Austria.

• Hitler failed to get into the academy of fine arts in vienna two different times

• Started selling paintings in the streets of vienna

• Failed his examination to get into the austro-hungarian army in 1914

• Moved to munich, germany and joined the german army when ww 1 broke out in 1914

Hitler in WW1

• Hitler was wounded twice while serving

• Injured by a shell explosion

• Temporarily blinded by a mustard gas attack

• There is a story that hitler could have been shot by the french soldier, henry tandy, but was spared.

After WW1

• Hitler starts spying on the new nationalist socialist german workers party (nazi_ for the german military

• Hitler quickly realized that this group discussed topics that he believed in

• Hitler dropped  out of the military and joined the nazi party and quickly rose to become the leader

• Hitler found out that he had the power of speech and persuasion during this time

Beer Hall Putsch- 1923

• Marched capital to get control

Hitler’s Trial- 1924

• Sentence for 5 years

• Served 9 months for good behavior

Hitler’s rise to power

• Hitler is appointed chancellor in 1933

• President paul von hindenburg dies shortly after and hitler dissolves the weimar republic

• Early actions of hitler:

• Drops out of the league of nations

• Starts rearming germany

• Rearms the german rhinelands area

Anschluss with Austria- 1938

Sudetenland crisis- 11938

“Re-uniting german speaking peoples”

Munich conference

• Neville chamberlain- great britain

• Adolf hitler - germany

• Benito mussolini- italy

• Edouard daladier- france

Munich conference- chamberlain: “peace for our time”

• Hitler was given the sudetenland of czechoslovakia

• Hitler promised that he was done taking over territoires

• Hitler wanted to reunite all german speaking people

• Became known as the “policy of appeasement”

Winston Churchill- opposed the appeasement

Czech President Hacha meeting with hitler - march, 1939

Nazi- Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact

August of 1939

• Russia gave raw materials to germany in exchange for money and weapons

• Both agreed to stay neutral if the other entered the war

• Secretly agreed to invade and split poland. German would get the western half and ussr the eastern half

• Russia would get finland, estonia and latvia and germany would get lithuania

How did the world react to this pact

• Shocked

• Poland was stuck “between a rock and a hard place”

• Hitler thought  it would force great britain and france to back out of their promise to help poland if attacked

Sitzkrieg- the phony war- winter 1939/1940

Phony war ends spring , 1940. Takes over denmark , norway, belgium, netherlands, luxemburg

French and German Plans for the Battle of France 1940

France’s “Impenetrable” Maginot line

Miracle of Dunkirk

Dunkirk evacuated June 4,

German Advances until the Armistice- Battle of France” June 4-22,

France surrenders June , 1940

A divide france- the vichy government lead by henri petain

The French Resistance- the free french underground(based in london and leader was general charles degaulle)

Tripartite pact is signed-- Axis powers - 1940

Axis invasion of the balkans (yugoslavia) in - 1941

Nazi goals for battle of Britain

1. Destroy the royal air force (before invasion was possible-hopefully by 9-15)

2. Attack and destroy the british navy

3. Attack british troops

4. Once air control was gained, the invasion of great britain would begin

**Germany never succeeded in achieving #1

**German bombmers did so poorly against the RAF that they started bombing at night only

**Great Britain was aided heabily by the radar and Ultra

Battle of Britain- The Blitz - September 1940- May, 1941

Monday- Test

Tuesday- Test

Wednesday- Test

Thursday- Watched episode

Friday- Watched episode

Monday- notes over 1930's

Tuesday- notes over  1930's

Wednesday- notes over 1930's

Thursday- notes

Friday- Started 1930's test

Monday- The movie

Tuesday- The movie

Wednesday- The Great Depression

Thursday- no school

Friday- no school 

Monday- Presidential elections- FDR and Hoover, 3rd party - socialist, Norman Thomas, The New Deal, expansion of the federal government, regulation of banks, Massive Government Spending, create social services, put people back to work, Platform of hoover- raise taxes, spend more, raise tariffs, block trade, repubs. didn't like him, thought he was socialist. 1936, Alf Landon vs. F.D.R. Platform of F.D.R, protection of the family and home, protect our people form the bad, establishment of a democracy of opportunity for all people, insuring the wealth of the people, aid to those overtaken by disaster, old age and social security, veterans, agriculture. Platform of Alf Landon, moderate progressive, anti- FDR, less government,get rid of the new deal. 

Impact of Great Depression- marriage and divorce, less marriages, less divorces, poor man's divorce. Crime- murder, lynching, prohibition. Suicide- suicide rate, only option. Schooling- schools underfunded, dropout rate. Train jumping, drop outs, moved to get jobs, less burden on parents. Soup kitchens, served food, supplied to all, first privately sponsored, government sponsored. Hoovervilles, named after president, outside of inner cities, st. Lewis, new York, d.c., housing. Survival- gardens, livestock, trading. 

Tuesday- depression- a long and severe recession in an economy or market. Causes of the great depression, stock market crash 1929, distribution of wealth around U.S, bank credit and loans (debt), no guarantee from banks(panic), buying on the margin (down payments), weak/small bank firms (bankrupt), over 9,000 banks failed, $14 billion lost = $194 billion, vicious cycle - people have no money, people don't buy, companies stop producing, lay people off, people don't have any jobs, people have no money. Over producing, Dust Bowl “Dirty Thirties”, 1931 - 17 inches of rain, Low agricultural prices, Plowing, No cover crops, No wind buffers, Erosion. Hoover's attempt to help solve the great depression, agricultural marketing act, stop crop price from rising, half a billion dollars to fund, financial help for farmers, reconstruction finance corporation, financial support for many businesses, loans, banks, railroads, mortgage associations, started to grow and helped to aid agriculture and financing, was intended to be an independent non political agency.

Wednesday- No school

Thursday- Bonus Army- an assembly of 43,000 some people most veterans, 16,00 were WW1 veterans, families and affiliated groups, great depression made them desperate to get money, the congress came up with a certificate, the certificate was around $1.25 to $1.00 as a bonus. $1.25 for every served over seas and $1.00 every served at home, they waited in camps outside of Washington D.C for the bill to pass, the bill didn't pass, tension rose even further, hoover sent the military to escort them away from the premises. The Military used tear gas and destroyed the tents they had, the leader of the military group was Douglas MacArthur five star general, major Dwight d Eisenhower was also in the military group, the president said not to follow the group to the anacostia flats, MacArthur followed and soon afterwards a fire started with no one knowing who started it.

Sports Championships- FIFA world cup, Uruguay was host and won 4-2 against Argentina. World series- Philadelphia Athletics won the series in the 6th game against the St. Louis Cardinals, Super Bowl- Green Bay Packers beat the New York Giants, Finals (ABL)- Cleveland Rosenblums won the finals  (4-1) against the Rochester. Famous athletes, Jesse Owens- track and field, four time gold medalist, Lou Gehrig- Baseball, first baseman for New York Yankees, "there is no room in a baseball for discrimination. I t it our national pastime and a game for all." Charlie Conacher- ice hockey, forward for Toronto maple leafs, Detroit red wings, and New York Americans, on January 1, 2017, in a ceremony prior to the centennial classic, Conacher was part of the first group of players to be named one of the '100 greatest NHL players' in history. Music- jazz music was very popular during the 1930's, popular musicians include, Shirley temple, gene autry, Billie Holiday, Roy rogers, bing Crosby. Radio, more than 40   percent of american households owned a radio, live musical performance, drama, comedy acts, talk and educational shows came later, in large parts of the south, Midwest, and great plains, radio stations and sets were scarce. Popeye the sailor, E.C. (Elzie Crisler) Segar, made his debut in January 1929, voiced by William "Billy" Costello. Fads, family game night, goldfish swallowing, stamp collecting, reading.

FDR's background- FDR was born on January 30 1882 into a wealthy family, only child, went to Harvard but was a C student there, few years after he went to Harvard he went to Columbia university law school, he never received a degree because he found it boring so he went into politics. In 191 FDR was invited to run for New York state senate, he ran as a democrat in an are that was primarily republican  for the last 32 years, with the help of his name he won the election, during his time elected he formed an alliance with Louis Howe. In 1914 FDR decided to run for the Us senate seat. he lacked white house support, FDR made to many political enemies, he lost he election. His accomplishments- As a president the passed the new deal which made tons of organization to help the economy, one of these groups were the works progress administration (wpa)The wpa employed millions of unskilled ;men to carry out public works projects such as roads and bridges. The civilian conservaton corop (CCC) as anoather group that emmployed unmarired men, national youth admin provided jobs for american ages 16-25, the agriculutral adjustment act payed farmers there wouldn't be acrop surplyus. 

Friday- Absent

Monday- Watched Video

tuesday- Watched Video

wednesday- Watched Video

thur-Watched Video

friday-Watched Video

1924, washing machine, vacuum, airplanes, 1903 the wright brothers. 1920's war, shipping entertainment. used in world war one for the firs ttime in battle, shows, stood on the wings, Amelia Earhart, first female pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic ocean, tried to fly over pacific ocean in 1937 but disappeared. was only the 16th woman issued a pilots license, she was legally, declared in 1939. Charles Lindbergh, first pilot to fly across the Atlantic ocean solo and non stop. pilot in the army and was best in his class then flew mail.

scopes monkey trial
creationism vs. evolution
creationism- belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation (the bible).
evolution- the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth. john Thomas scopes. he was a high school teacher and a football coach and taught evolution. butler act- law prohibiting public school teachers from denying the biblical account of man's origin. american civil liberties unions, placed an ad inviting a teacher to help test the law in courts. scopes was hired, a group of business who thought Dayton Tennessee was in a financial slump. they called john to town at a gathering place at Robinson's drugstore. he later agreed to teach evolution because he also believed in it. Clarence Darrow defend john. t o face off against william jennings Bryan. the judge was john raulston. judge destroyed the defense;s strategy. he rules that expert scientific testimony on evolution was inadmissible-on the grounds that it was scopes who was on trial, not the law he had violated. Darrow came up with plan on seventh day of trial. on seventh day of trail darrow called bryan to the stand, darrow called him to the stand as an expert witness on the bible. darrow asked bryan about his belifes in the bible. bryan was humiliated because he was considered mindless, he made up answers for amusement ofthe crowd. john thomas scopes was ocnvicted guility he had to pay $100 fube, creatuibusn won vs. evolution.

Red Scare-anti-immigration, Sacco and Vanzetti case- Fear that communists would take over America from Russia, Bolshevik revolution started so they started to come to America to be free, General Palmer stated raiding homes and taking people who might be communists and put them in jail, Sacco and Vanzetti case - 2 immigrants robbed shoe factory and killed somebody but there was no evidence but they blamed them. Then they made Anti-Immigration acts and limited number of immigrants and they had to pay money to mover here plus people from Eastern Asia and Europe were forbidden.

Harlem Renaissance-KKK- Cultural social and artistic time period for African Americans, they are mostly from the south because they fled the south to express their beliefs, KKK is a hate group - they hated blacks, Catholics, Jews and wanted America to be all white and protestant 

Entertainment - flagpole sitting, pez, dance marathons,football players, Charleston

Prohibition- 18th amendment, gangsters, black market, increased crime rate, 4 main reasons (national mood, practical, religious, moral), Al Capone in Chicago, Alcatraz, Died January 25, 1947.

Women- 1920's get right to vote, new woman, the traditionalists, and older generation, "New Morality", 19th amendment, WWI, Flappers, housewives, Women's Rights Movements, reform of property laws, new divorce laws, equal guardianship of children, political equality,improved working conditions, higher wages, access to higher education, Margaret Sanger founded American Birth Control League, Alice Paul

Monday- Worked on projects.

Tuesday- Worked on projects.

Wednesday - Worked on projects.

Thursday- Started quizzes and Worked on projects.

Friday- Worked on projects and people finished quizzes.

Monday and Tuesday- No school

Wednesday Jan 4th - Mr. Bruns went over his website and classroom rules. No homework

Thursday Jan 5th - Mr. Bruns went over rules and some basics of WWI. No homework

Friday Jan 6th - We started talking about our projects that will be coming up. No homework